城市发展与英格兰民族国家形成的关系研究（1485-1688）
发布时间：2018-08-02 17:05
【摘要】：民族国家的兴起是英国历史进程中极具影响力的变革事件。作为一种新型的国家类型它破除了之前独立的教会势力与封建割据思想,同时还有力地推动了资本主义经济的发展。城市作为英国历史进程中非常重要的变革因素,与民族国家的形成有着非常紧密的联系。本文以城市为出发点,研究其与英国民族国家形成的关系,从而揭示城市在其形成过程中的地位作用。在本文的绪论部分梳理了学界关于民族国家以及英国城市史的的论著和学者观点。 本文第一章考察了城市经济与近代早期英国民族经济体系形成的关系。国内统一民族市场的建立是城市发展引起的最重要的变化之一,它也刺激了英国政治上的变化。英国政府在此时期开始采取“重商主义”政策响应国家经济上的转变,对内驱逐汉萨商人以保护本国商人利益,对外通过《航海条例》等措施保护其在海外利益。这不仅促进了英国民族经济的发展,更在思想上掀起了一股经济民族主义思潮。正是城市工商业者和英国政府的通力配合促进了民族国家经济政策的形成,建立了民族国家经济体系。 本文第二章具体考察了城市政治与英国民族国家形成的关系。城市政治在英国民族国家形成中起到了非常重要的作用。首先是在英国主权初立时期,城市支持了王权对罗马教权的合并。同时城市政府内部进行了一系列行政体制的创建,促进了英国民族国家行政制度的创建。在之后的英国议会与王权争斗时期。城市政治呈现出两面性：一方面由于城市议席的增加为议会力量增强提供了客观助力：另一方面城市内部寡头制的兴盛也加强了王权的统治基础。这既反映了英国政治发展的冲突性,又显示出城市有效地维护了民族国家结构的稳定性。而从内战到《权利法案》颁布期间,自治城市开始逐步受到中央政府的直接控制,最终融入到英国近代国家的政治轨道,促进了现代民族国家政治制度的正式确立。 本文第三章具体分析了城市在英国民族国家意识形成过程中的作用。以布里斯托尔城市的事件为例,城市地方主义意识在英国民族国家建立过程中向民族国家意识转变。同时在城市民主选拔的过程中,城市民主思想萌芽出现,这也表明民族国家意识中民主思想的出现。 本文结论,城市作为一种变革因素,在经济政治思想各个层面对英国民族国家的建立起到了推动作用。
[Abstract]:The rise of nation-state is an influential event in British history. As a new type of state, it broke down the former independent church forces and feudal separatist ideology, but also promoted the development of capitalist economy. As an important factor of change in British history, cities are closely related to the formation of nation-state. This paper takes the city as the starting point, studies the relationship between the city and the British nation-state, thus reveals the role of the city in the formation of the city. In the introduction part of this paper, the academic literature on the nation state and the history of British cities and scholars' views are combed. The first chapter examines the relationship between urban economy and the formation of British national economy in the early modern times. The establishment of domestic unified national market is one of the most important changes caused by urban development. In this period, the British government began to adopt the "mercantilism" policy in response to the change of national economy, expelling Hanseatic merchants internally to protect the interests of their own businessmen, and protecting their interests abroad through such measures as the Maritime regulations. This not only promoted the development of British national economy, but also raised an economic nationalism ideological trend. It is the cooperation of the urban businessmen and the British government that promotes the formation of the national economic policy and establishes the national economic system. The second chapter examines the relationship between urban politics and the formation of British nation-state. Urban politics plays a very important role in the formation of the British nation-state. First, in the early days of British sovereignty, cities supported Wang Quan's merger of Roman religious rights. At the same time, a series of administrative systems were established within the city government, which promoted the establishment of the administrative system of the British nation state. After that, the British Parliament fought with Wang Quan. There are two sides in urban politics: on the one hand, the increase of city seats provides objective help for the strengthening of parliamentary power; on the other hand, the prosperity of the oligarchic system within the city also strengthens the ruling foundation of Wang Quan. This not only reflects the conflict of British political development, but also shows that cities effectively maintain the stability of nation-state structure. During the period from the Civil War to the promulgation of the Bill of Rights, the autonomous cities were gradually controlled by the central government and eventually integrated into the political orbit of the modern British state, which promoted the establishment of the political system of the modern nation-state. The third chapter analyzes the role of cities in the formation of British national consciousness. Taking the events in Bristol as an example, the consciousness of urban localism changed to the consciousness of nation-state in the process of the establishment of British nation-state. At the same time, in the process of urban democratic selection, urban democratic thought sprout, which also indicates the emergence of democratic thought in national consciousness. This paper concludes that cities, as a factor of change, have played a role in promoting the establishment of the British nation-state at all levels of economic and political thought.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K561
本文编号：2160099
[Abstract]:The rise of nation-state is an influential event in British history. As a new type of state, it broke down the former independent church forces and feudal separatist ideology, but also promoted the development of capitalist economy. As an important factor of change in British history, cities are closely related to the formation of nation-state. This paper takes the city as the starting point, studies the relationship between the city and the British nation-state, thus reveals the role of the city in the formation of the city. In the introduction part of this paper, the academic literature on the nation state and the history of British cities and scholars' views are combed. The first chapter examines the relationship between urban economy and the formation of British national economy in the early modern times. The establishment of domestic unified national market is one of the most important changes caused by urban development. In this period, the British government began to adopt the "mercantilism" policy in response to the change of national economy, expelling Hanseatic merchants internally to protect the interests of their own businessmen, and protecting their interests abroad through such measures as the Maritime regulations. This not only promoted the development of British national economy, but also raised an economic nationalism ideological trend. It is the cooperation of the urban businessmen and the British government that promotes the formation of the national economic policy and establishes the national economic system. The second chapter examines the relationship between urban politics and the formation of British nation-state. Urban politics plays a very important role in the formation of the British nation-state. First, in the early days of British sovereignty, cities supported Wang Quan's merger of Roman religious rights. At the same time, a series of administrative systems were established within the city government, which promoted the establishment of the administrative system of the British nation state. After that, the British Parliament fought with Wang Quan. There are two sides in urban politics: on the one hand, the increase of city seats provides objective help for the strengthening of parliamentary power; on the other hand, the prosperity of the oligarchic system within the city also strengthens the ruling foundation of Wang Quan. This not only reflects the conflict of British political development, but also shows that cities effectively maintain the stability of nation-state structure. During the period from the Civil War to the promulgation of the Bill of Rights, the autonomous cities were gradually controlled by the central government and eventually integrated into the political orbit of the modern British state, which promoted the establishment of the political system of the modern nation-state. The third chapter analyzes the role of cities in the formation of British national consciousness. Taking the events in Bristol as an example, the consciousness of urban localism changed to the consciousness of nation-state in the process of the establishment of British nation-state. At the same time, in the process of urban democratic selection, urban democratic thought sprout, which also indicates the emergence of democratic thought in national consciousness. This paper concludes that cities, as a factor of change, have played a role in promoting the establishment of the British nation-state at all levels of economic and political thought.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K561
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 刘景华;宋峻;;汉萨商人在英国的活动及其对英国社会的影响[J];广州大学学报(社会科学版);2008年11期
2 孟广林;陈灿;;近百年来欧美学者对中世纪英国城市史的研究[J];贵州社会科学;2011年03期
3 刘新成;;“乡绅入侵”:英国都铎王朝议会选举中的异常现象[J];中国社会科学;2008年02期
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