论《法德友好合作条约》的性质
发布时间：2018-08-02 20:01
【摘要】：论《法德友好合作条约》的性质 《法德友好合作条约》是法德两国于1963年签订的标志着法德双边政治同盟形成的条约。该条约是由组织、计划和最后条款三部分组成,组织部分主要确立了两国首脑和部长们定期会晤的制度,计划部分主要涉及到两国在外交、防务、教育和青年工作领域的具体合作方案,最后条款部分则对条约的一些重要事项作出补充说明。这三部分内容,使得依此而来的条约具备了这样的性质:法德两国在国家议会表决通过的形式下,结成紧密的政治联盟关系。与此同时,由于条约的这种性质,使得该条约成为法德关系史上的里程碑,以及两国关系步入高潮的证明。 “法德合作条约”的签订,让许多人大跌眼镜,因为人们习惯了两国世代对抗的相处模式。脱胎于查理曼帝国的“孪生兄弟”——法国和德国,凭借其综合国力构成中的软硬实力系数,一直充当着欧洲秩序体系的基本载体。作为欧洲大陆的两个支柱国家,它们从“分娩”那刻起就裹挟着不容忽视的对抗性。当欧洲的运行轨迹走完“相对稳定和发展”的基督教共和制的秩序体系,步入充斥着竞争性与矛盾性的斗争平衡的均势格局体系后,法德两国的关系也终由一般对抗上升为几世宿敌。从此“战争,复仇,再战争,再复仇”的恶性循环,将法德两国紧紧包裹。但1963年法德同盟作为一个不争的事实出现在人们面前时,探究法德由“宿敌”走向盟友的历史根基或条件就成为一个有价值的选题。而在两国关系的转变过程中,“孪生兄弟”的心理传统、文化交流以及经济联系成为这一历史根基的主要组成部分。 第二次世界大战之后,随着欧洲时代的终结,美苏两个超级大国不可抑制地崛起,致使国际关系格局发生了深刻的变化。鉴于此,法国传统的对德“肢解”政策之于新的国际格局不仅不合时宜而且格格不入。在这样的国际背景下,基于对自身安全以及欧洲利益的考虑,围绕着与德国之间关于鲁尔煤钢,重新武装以及萨尔地区归属的问题,法兰西第四共和国以“舒曼计划”为起点,逐渐改变了对德传统政策,在欧洲联合的框架下,法德这两个“世仇宿敌”终于走上了和解的道路。 “戴高乐主义”是法国在战后形成的处理国际关系问题的,囊括了戴高乐对外政策基本精神与原则的一套理论体系和行动纲要。其核心就是实现法国的“伟大”。为此,戴高乐制订了一整套的世界战略和欧洲战略,这其中的欧洲战略是为他世界战略服务的。在其欧洲战略高屋建瓴的指引下,特别是在戴氏建立欧洲政治联盟的计划泡汤后,与德国结盟便成为实现他欧洲战略至关重要的环节。于是,在国际冷战缓和的大背景下,在阿登纳“一边倒”的冷战思维开始受到国际环境质疑时,法德双方从各自利益出发,不断地提高利益契合度,终于在1963年实现了历史性的,全面的,更高层次的和解与合作——结盟,法德关系进入到一个前所未有的深水区中。 “法德合作条约”的性质直接造就了一个共同体内部的“法德轴心”的事实,这种脱离六国合作机制和北大西洋公约组织的另类行径,遭到了大西洋派的一致反对与谴责:美国声讨,意、荷、比、卢排斥,西德内部的反对派甚至给条约加上了一个完全违背条约初衷的前言。在内外压力的作用下,70年代中期以前的法德同盟并没有发挥其作为欧共体领军者或轴心的“领航效能”,相反,因为法德同盟的失和,共同体付出了较大的发展代价。这种形势终于使共同体认识到法德同盟对欧洲一体化进程的重要性。在欧共体成员国转变了对法德同盟的认识态度,开始接受这一同盟后,法德两国迎来了新的蜜月期,“法德合作条约”才得以名副其实。法德两国既对话又合作,真正起到了推动西欧联合与发展的轴心作用。
[Abstract]:On the nature of the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany
The Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany is a treaty signed by France and Germany in 1963 marking the formation of a bilateral political alliance of France and Germany. The treaty is composed of three parts of the organization, plan and final clause. The organization has mainly established the system of regular meetings between the heads of the two countries and ministers. The plan is mainly concerned with the diplomatic, defense and education of the two countries. Specific cooperation programmes in the field of youth work, and the final clause supplemented by some important matters in the treaty. The three parts of the treaty make the Treaty of the same way: the French and German states have a tight political alliance in the form of a vote adopted by the national parliament. At the same time, the treaty is due to the treaty. This nature makes the treaty a milestone in the history of Franco German relations and the proof that the relationship between the two countries has entered a climax.
The signing of the "Treaty of France German cooperation" has made many people fall into the eye, because people are used to the mode of getting along with each other for generations. The "twin brothers" born out of the Charleyman Empire, France and Germany, have been the basic carrier of European order system by virtue of the soft and hard power factor of its comprehensive national strength. The two pillar countries of the land, from the moment of "childbirth", are bound to not be ignored. When Europe runs through the "relatively stable and developing" Christian Republic order system and into the equilibrium system of competitive and contradictory struggles, the relations between France and Germany end in general. Since the vicious circle of "war, revenge, war, and then revenge", the vicious circle of "war, revenge, and then re vengeance" has wrapped France and Germany tightly. But when the French German Alliance appeared in front of people as an undisputable fact in 1963, it became a valuable topic to explore the historical foundation or conditions of the "old enemy" to its allies. In two The psychological tradition, cultural exchanges and economic ties of the twin brothers became the main components of this historical foundation in the course of the transformation of relations between the two countries.
After the Second World War, with the end of the European era and the unrestrainable rise of the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, the pattern of international relations has undergone profound changes. In view of this, the new international pattern of "dismemberment" of France is not only untimely and incompatible with the new international pattern. In this international context, it is based on the With regard to its own security and European interests, the Fourth Republic of France, starting from the "Schuhmann plan", gradually changed the traditional German policy on the issue of rearmament, rearmament and the ascription of the Saar region between Germany and Germany. In the framework of the European Union, the two "enemy enemies" of France and Germany finally came to the end. The way to solve it.
"De Gaulle doctrine", which was formed by France in the postwar process of dealing with international relations, encompassed a set of theoretical systems and action outlines of the basic spirit and principles of De Gaulle's foreign policy. The core of which was to achieve the "greatness" of France. For this, De Gaulle formulated a whole set of world strategies and European strategies, including the European strategy. Under the guidance of his European strategy, especially after Dashi's plan to establish a European political alliance, the alliance with Germany became a crucial link to the realization of his European strategy, and in the context of the international cold war, Adenauer's "one-sided" cold war thought began to take place. When the international environment was questioned, the French and German, starting from their respective interests, constantly improved their interests, finally achieved a historic, comprehensive, and higher level of reconciliation and cooperation in 1963, and the relationship between France and Germany entered an unprecedented deepwater area.
The nature of the Treaty of cooperation of France and Germany directly created the fact of the "axis of France" within the community, which was unanimously opposed and condemned by the the Atlantic faction, which was separated from the cooperation mechanism of the six countries and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: the American denunciation, the meaning, the Dutch, the ratio, the exclusion of Lu, the opposition within the West Germany, and even the treaty added to the treaty. Under the effect of internal and external pressure, the French German Alliance before the mid 70s did not play its "pilot efficiency" as the leader of the European community or the axis of the European community. On the contrary, the community had paid the greater cost of development because of the loss of the French German Alliance. This situation finally made the community recognizes France and Germany. The importance of the alliance in the process of European integration. In the member states of the European community, a new honeymoon period was ushered in France Germany. The French German Treaty of cooperation was able to be recognized. The French German dialogue and cooperation between France and Germany played a real role in promoting the Union and development of Western Europe. Effect.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K565.5
本文编号：2160566
[Abstract]:On the nature of the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany
The Treaty of friendship and cooperation between France and Germany is a treaty signed by France and Germany in 1963 marking the formation of a bilateral political alliance of France and Germany. The treaty is composed of three parts of the organization, plan and final clause. The organization has mainly established the system of regular meetings between the heads of the two countries and ministers. The plan is mainly concerned with the diplomatic, defense and education of the two countries. Specific cooperation programmes in the field of youth work, and the final clause supplemented by some important matters in the treaty. The three parts of the treaty make the Treaty of the same way: the French and German states have a tight political alliance in the form of a vote adopted by the national parliament. At the same time, the treaty is due to the treaty. This nature makes the treaty a milestone in the history of Franco German relations and the proof that the relationship between the two countries has entered a climax.
The signing of the "Treaty of France German cooperation" has made many people fall into the eye, because people are used to the mode of getting along with each other for generations. The "twin brothers" born out of the Charleyman Empire, France and Germany, have been the basic carrier of European order system by virtue of the soft and hard power factor of its comprehensive national strength. The two pillar countries of the land, from the moment of "childbirth", are bound to not be ignored. When Europe runs through the "relatively stable and developing" Christian Republic order system and into the equilibrium system of competitive and contradictory struggles, the relations between France and Germany end in general. Since the vicious circle of "war, revenge, war, and then revenge", the vicious circle of "war, revenge, and then re vengeance" has wrapped France and Germany tightly. But when the French German Alliance appeared in front of people as an undisputable fact in 1963, it became a valuable topic to explore the historical foundation or conditions of the "old enemy" to its allies. In two The psychological tradition, cultural exchanges and economic ties of the twin brothers became the main components of this historical foundation in the course of the transformation of relations between the two countries.
After the Second World War, with the end of the European era and the unrestrainable rise of the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, the pattern of international relations has undergone profound changes. In view of this, the new international pattern of "dismemberment" of France is not only untimely and incompatible with the new international pattern. In this international context, it is based on the With regard to its own security and European interests, the Fourth Republic of France, starting from the "Schuhmann plan", gradually changed the traditional German policy on the issue of rearmament, rearmament and the ascription of the Saar region between Germany and Germany. In the framework of the European Union, the two "enemy enemies" of France and Germany finally came to the end. The way to solve it.
"De Gaulle doctrine", which was formed by France in the postwar process of dealing with international relations, encompassed a set of theoretical systems and action outlines of the basic spirit and principles of De Gaulle's foreign policy. The core of which was to achieve the "greatness" of France. For this, De Gaulle formulated a whole set of world strategies and European strategies, including the European strategy. Under the guidance of his European strategy, especially after Dashi's plan to establish a European political alliance, the alliance with Germany became a crucial link to the realization of his European strategy, and in the context of the international cold war, Adenauer's "one-sided" cold war thought began to take place. When the international environment was questioned, the French and German, starting from their respective interests, constantly improved their interests, finally achieved a historic, comprehensive, and higher level of reconciliation and cooperation in 1963, and the relationship between France and Germany entered an unprecedented deepwater area.
The nature of the Treaty of cooperation of France and Germany directly created the fact of the "axis of France" within the community, which was unanimously opposed and condemned by the the Atlantic faction, which was separated from the cooperation mechanism of the six countries and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: the American denunciation, the meaning, the Dutch, the ratio, the exclusion of Lu, the opposition within the West Germany, and even the treaty added to the treaty. Under the effect of internal and external pressure, the French German Alliance before the mid 70s did not play its "pilot efficiency" as the leader of the European community or the axis of the European community. On the contrary, the community had paid the greater cost of development because of the loss of the French German Alliance. This situation finally made the community recognizes France and Germany. The importance of the alliance in the process of European integration. In the member states of the European community, a new honeymoon period was ushered in France Germany. The French German Treaty of cooperation was able to be recognized. The French German dialogue and cooperation between France and Germany played a real role in promoting the Union and development of Western Europe. Effect.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K565.5
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