古希腊人的荣誉观探析

发布时间：2018-08-09 07:19

【摘要】： 荣誉观是古希腊人价值观的重要组成部分。它是一种对外在评价的光荣的心理感受,是人类对自身价值的认识,也是一种职责和权利。荣誉受到古希腊人异常的重视有其特殊的原因,哲学家对荣誉进行的哲学思考和伦理规范,使古希腊人的荣誉观不断进步。荣誉观直接影响了古希腊公民与城邦的关系,荣誉能否与爱国主义相结合关系着城邦的兴衰。全文除序言和结语外共由三部分组成。第一部分分析了古希腊人荣誉观形成的原因。古希腊有特殊的自然地理环境,内部有征伐不断、城邦政治和公民国家的历史特征,繁荣的古希腊文学成为荣誉观教育的载体。多种因素共同作用,形成了希腊人异于其他地区的荣誉观。第二部分论述了荣誉观在哲学领域的发展。荣誉观萌芽于古希腊的神话和宗教,在毕达哥拉斯和赫拉克利特时期得到了发展。苏格拉底开始对荣誉进行伦理探讨和分析,试图使荣誉观成为匡正社会道德的武器。柏拉图把荣誉观与政治理想密切结合,力图使荣誉成为立国的精神支柱。亚里士多德在理论上对荣誉进行了全面的总结和理性分析,自他之后,希腊哲人不再关注荣誉。在古希腊人荣誉观的发展过程中,哲学家的理想一直是荣誉应建立在爱国主义的基础上。第三部分分析了不同时期荣誉观与爱国主义的关系及其对城邦的影响。荷马时代的荣誉观是追求个人价值的实现,带有更多的个人英雄主义倾向,但与爱国主义相结合已出现萌芽。古风时代希腊人的荣誉观与爱国主义渐趋一致。古典时代前期是希腊人荣誉观与爱国主义结合得最为完美的时期。论文分析了这种情况出现的原因,并对雅典与斯巴达爱国主义基础上的荣誉观进行了比较。古典时代后期希腊人崇高的荣誉感逐渐丧失,荣誉不再以爱国为基础。随着马其顿对希腊的征服,希腊人的荣誉感与爱国主义一起走到了尽头。结语部分论述了古希腊人荣誉观的人本主义特征,指出人本主义的发展变化是荣誉观发展变化的基础。人本主义在不同道路上的发展导致荣誉观对城邦发展的不同作用。
[Abstract]:The concept of honor is an important part of the ancient Greek values. It is a kind of glorious psychological feeling of external evaluation, the cognition of human's own value, and a kind of duty and right. There are special reasons for the extraordinary attention to honor by the ancient Greeks. The philosophers' philosophical thinking and ethical norms of honor have made the ancient Greeks' view of honor progress continuously. The concept of honor directly affects the relationship between ancient Greek citizens and city-states, and whether honor can be combined with patriotism is related to the rise and fall of city-states. In addition to the preface and conclusion, the full text consists of three parts. The first part analyzes the reasons for the formation of the ancient Greek concept of honor. Ancient Greece has a special natural geographical environment, constant internal recruitment, polis politics and civil history of the country, prosperity of ancient Greek literature as the carrier of the concept of honor education. A variety of factors combined to form the Greeks different from other regions of the concept of honor. The second part discusses the development of the concept of honor in the field of philosophy. The concept of honor originated from the mythology and religion of ancient Greece and developed in Pythagorean and Heraclitus. Socrates began to explore and analyze the ethics of honor, trying to make the concept of honor become the weapon of rectifying social morality. Plato closely combined the concept of honor with the political ideal and tried to make honor the spiritual pillar of the nation. Aristotle made a comprehensive summary and rational analysis of honor in theory. After that, the Greek philosophers stopped paying attention to honor. In the development of the ancient Greek concept of honor, the philosopher's ideal has always been that honor should be based on patriotism. The third part analyzes the relationship between honor and patriotism in different periods and its influence on the polis. The concept of honor in Homer era is the pursuit of personal value, with more personal heroism, but the combination of patriotism has emerged. In ancient times, the Greek concept of honor and patriotism gradually converged. The early stage of the classical era was the most perfect period in which the Greek concept of honor and patriotism were combined. This paper analyzes the causes of this situation and compares Athens and Sparta's view of honor on the basis of patriotism. In the late classical period, the noble sense of honor of the Greeks was gradually lost, and the honor was no longer based on patriotism. With Macedonia's conquest of Greece, the Greek sense of honor and patriotism came to an end. The conclusion part discusses the humanism characteristic of the ancient Greek concept of honor, and points out that the development and change of humanism is the basis of the development and change of the concept of honor. The development of humanism on different roads leads to the different functions of honor view on the development of city-states.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K125

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