查士丁尼时代军事战略研究
发布时间：2018-08-11 11:27
【摘要】：查士丁尼统治时期是拜占庭帝国承上启下的时代。查士丁尼时代的辉煌来自于他的军事伟业。查士丁尼时代的军事成就离不开军事战略的合理利用。查士丁尼时代的军事战略分为三种类型：纵深防御战略、攻势防御战略和守势吓阻战略。纵深防御战略源自君士坦丁大帝的军事改革，成为拜占庭帝国基本的军事战略。攻势防御战略是拜占庭帝国在查士丁尼时代的特殊选择，是查士丁尼时代拜占庭军队西征的主要军事战略。守势吓阻战略在查士丁尼时代出现了雏形，到莫里斯时期得到了完善。在查士丁尼统治时期三种军事战略都有使用的空间。从统治者维护政治权威的角度考虑，统治者对这三种军事战略喜爱的次序依次是攻势防御战略、守势吓阻战略和纵深防御战略。这三种战略都是建立在总体防御的基础上，因此符合拜占庭的基本国情。攻势防御战略具有拓边倾向，是拜占庭皇帝梦寐以求恢复地中海世界大一统的有效手段。攻势防御战略反映出国家战略目标中统一优先于和平的秩序安排。守势吓阻战略是一种类似于前沿防御的军事战略，，适合于内政主导型的国家战略文化。在这种军事战略使用的情况下，拜占庭帝国能够维护国内的安定和繁荣。这种战略符合拜占庭帝国国家战略中追求国内和平的目标，只是放弃了统一优先的原则。纵深防御战略是一种在国力下降和敌我力量对比不利于己方的情况下被迫选择。在这种军事战略下，国家战略的目标是维护国内和平。本文主体部分共分五个部分：第一个部分是简介4至7世纪东地中海世界的军事变革和查士丁尼时代的历史环境。中间三个部分依次分析了三种军事战略的产生、发展、转变以及对三种军事战略的评价。最后部分分析了军事战略对时代的影响。 第一章主要论述了4至7世纪东地中海世界的历史变革和在此基础上产生的军事变革，以及查士丁尼时代的面貌。4至7世纪是一个从古典时代向中古时代过渡的大变革时代。拜占庭帝国在这个变革时代获得了自己的特性，确立了各项制度。在拜占庭帝国早期的历史中，生存成为了第一位的需要，因此军事变革就成为了大变革时代的要义。4至7世纪，东地中海世界经历了戴克里先、君士坦丁大帝、查士丁尼、莫里斯和希拉克略进行的军事变革。这些变革使得先前以重装步兵为核心的罗马军团演化为以骑兵为支柱的拜占庭特色的中古军队。查士丁尼时代是这个军事变革承上启下的时代。查士丁尼时代的军事变革成就和其他各项制度的完善，使其成为了拜占庭帝国的第一个黄金期。在这一部分，文章还探讨了拜占庭帝国国家战略的手段，以及军事战略在国家战略中的地位。 第二章具体分析了纵深防御战略的产生和运用。纵深防御战略是君士坦丁大帝开创的一项基本的军事战略，为拜占庭帝国后世沿用。在查士丁尼时代纵深防御战略运用的战例是拜占庭帝国与波斯之间的战争。拜占庭帝国与波斯之间的战争是力量相对均衡的两大帝国之间的争霸战争。拜占庭帝国运用纵深防御战略来维护国家的安全，实现国家战略的目标。 第三章探讨了国家战略目标发生了秩序的调整，统一优先于和平。在这种国家战略调整的背景下，查士丁尼发动了收复失地的西征军事行动。而攻势防御战略就成为了西征的有效手段。贝利撒留运用攻势防御战略在北非取得了汪达尔战争的辉煌胜利，但是这种战略却在意大利战场不能顺利完成使命。两个战场的不同进程反映出攻势防御战略的优劣性。 第四章具体分析了守势阻绝性战略形成的背景，发展的态势。守势吓阻战略代替攻势防御战略是拜占庭帝国国力下降的必然选择。守势吓阻战略在查士丁尼时代出现了雏形，到莫里斯时代获得了成熟。守势吓阻战略在查士丁尼时代主要用于多瑙河防线和哥特战争中期的三次罗马围攻战。 第五章主要论述了查士丁尼时代三种军事战略的影响。军事战略与国家战略的关系是一种互动的反应。军事战略服从于国家战略，同时又影响了国家战略使用的效果。军事战略产生的军事震慑是国家战略有效运行的核心。查士丁尼时代的三种军事战略是由地中海世界当时的局势决定的，反过来又影响了地中海世界历史发展的走势。
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K134
本文编号：2176864
[Abstract]:The period of Justinian rule is the era of the Byzantine Empire. The brilliance of Justinian era comes from his great military achievements. The military achievements of Justinian era can not be separated from the rational use of military strategy. The military strategy of Justinian era can be divided into three types: defensive strategy in depth, offensive defense strategy and defensive deterrence war. The strategy of defense in depth originated from the military reform of Constantine the Great and became the basic military strategy of the Byzantine Empire. By the time of Maurice, it was perfected. There was room for all three military strategies under Justinian rule. From the point of view of the ruler's political authority, the ruler's favorite order of the three military strategies was offensive defense strategy, defensive intimidation strategy and deep defense strategy. On the basis of defense, it accords with the basic national conditions of Byzantium. The offensive defense strategy has the tendency of expanding the border and is an effective means for Byzantine emperors to restore the Mediterranean world unity. The offensive defense strategy reflects the order arrangement in which unity takes precedence over peace in the national strategic goal. The Byzantine Empire was able to maintain stability and prosperity in its own country. This strategy was in line with the goal of pursuing domestic peace in the Byzantine Empire's national strategy, but abandoned the principle of unification and priority. Under this military strategy, the goal of the national strategy is to maintain domestic peace. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the military changes in the Eastern Mediterranean world from the 4th to the 7th century and the historical environment of the Justinian era. In the last part, the influence of military strategy on the times is analyzed.
The first chapter mainly discusses the historical changes of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 4th to 7th centuries and the military changes based on them, as well as the appearance of the Justinian Age. The 4th to 7th centuries were a period of great changes from the classical era to the Mediterranean era. The Byzantine Empire acquired its own characteristics in this period of change and established various systems. In the early history of the Byzantine Empire, survival became the first necessity, so military change became the essence of the Great Change. From the 4th to 7th centuries, the Eastern Mediterranean world underwent military changes by Diocletian, Constantine, Justinian, Morris, and Chiracello. These changes led to the earlier use of heavily armed infantry. The core of the Roman Legion evolved into a Byzantine army with cavalry as its backbone. The Justinian Age was a connecting link between the past and the future. The achievements of the military revolution and the perfection of other systems in the Justinian Age made it the first golden age of the Byzantine Empire. The strategy of Byzantine Empire and the position of military strategy in national strategy.
The second chapter analyzes the emergence and application of the defense strategy in depth.The defense strategy in depth is a basic military strategy initiated by Constantine the Great and used by the Byzantine Empire for later generations.The war between the Byzantine Empire and Persia is the example of the defense strategy in depth in the Justinian era. War is a struggle for hegemony between the two great empires with relatively balanced forces. The Byzantine Empire used a defensive strategy in depth to safeguard the security of the country and achieve the goal of the national strategy.
Chapter Three discusses the adjustment of the order of the national strategic objectives and the priority of reunification over peace. Under this background, Justinian launched a military expedition to recover lost territory. The offensive and defensive strategy became an effective means of the expedition. The two battlefields reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the offensive defense strategy.
The fourth chapter analyzes the background of the formation of the defensive deterrent strategy and its development trend.The defensive deterrent strategy replaced the offensive defensive strategy is the inevitable choice of the Byzantine Empire.The defensive deterrent strategy appeared in the early days of Justinian and matured in the days of Morris.The defensive deterrent strategy was mainly used in the times of Justinian. For the three Rome siege war between the The Danube defense line and the Gothic war.
The relationship between military strategy and national strategy is an interactive reaction. Military strategy is subordinate to national strategy, and at the same time affects the effect of the use of national strategy. The three military strategies were determined by the situation in the Mediterranean world at that time, which in turn affected the historical development of the Mediterranean world.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K134
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