苏丹内战研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 12:48

【摘要】： 本文以马克思唯物史观为指导，运用历史学、政治学、民族学的相关理论，采用从历史到现实，从局部到整体及比较的研究方法，以苏丹内战为线索，重点探讨苏丹民族国家的构建，并揭示其特点和规律。全文由绪论、导言、正文与结论四部分组成。绪论简要介绍研究目的、意义，研究方法，国内外研究现状，研究特色与创新。导言旨在阐述民族国家的相关理论、部族、宗教、民族与民族国家的关系，民族国家构建的一般理论及苏丹民族国家构建存在的问题。正文由三部分组成。第一章侧重于厘清历史上的南北关系及苏丹民族国家创建的特殊方式；第二章介绍影响苏丹内战的主要因素；第三部分为第三章至第五章，分别研究苏丹在三次议会制时期、三次军政府时期的南北关系状态，战争演变及民族国家构建的特点。本文认为，1956年苏丹的独立只是确立了民族国家的基本形式，作为一个去殖民化国家，它还面临着民族国家构建的艰巨任务。在苏丹这个人为赋予的政治单元里，历史上南北奴隶贸易的宿怨，双方宗教、语言、文化的差异，英国分而治之的政策对南北地区意识的强化，这一切使南北成为两个完全不同的实体。苏丹在独立伊始就面临着南方分裂运动的挑战。1955年的托里特兵变点燃了南北战争的烈火，也是阿拉伯主义与非洲主义对抗的开始。苏丹必须通过民族国家构建实现全民整合，消除南北差异，创建国族。纵然如此，苏丹无论在议会制时期，还是在军人统治时期，政府在进行民族国家的构建时，大都追求阿拉伯主义，推崇伊斯兰教、阿拉伯语，试图通过阿拉伯化和伊斯兰化实现全国人民的整合：同时在权力分享、利益分配、宗教语言文化等问题上排斥其他族体，尤其是南方人，否认南方的独特文化。这遭到南方人的强烈反抗。南方人成立了各种军事、政治组织与政府展开较量，战争主导了双方关系，，也撕裂了苏丹这个国家共同体。在阿拉伯主义认同的指导下，苏丹民族国家的构建被严重扭曲。1983年，约翰·加朗领导的苏丹人民解放运动“苏丹主义”的提出是一种全新的国家意识，并且成为凌驾于阿拉伯主义、非洲主义之上的国家认同，成为连结所有苏丹人的纽带。至今，苏丹仍处于民族国家的构建中。通过研究，本文认为苏丹民族国家的构建具有以下特点：1、民族国家定位的偏失。2、国家构建与民族构建的脱节。3、战争成为民族国家构建的力量。4、宗教、民族与民族国家分庭抗礼。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism, using the relevant theories of history, politics and ethnology, and adopting the research methods from history to reality, from part to whole and from comparison, this paper takes the civil war in Sudan as a clue. This paper mainly discusses the construction of Sudan's national state, and reveals its characteristics and laws. The full text consists of four parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces the research purpose, significance, research methods, research status at home and abroad, research characteristics and innovation. The introduction aims to expound the relevant theories of nation-state, clan, religion, the relationship between nation and nation-state, the general theory of nation-state construction and the problems existing in the construction of national state in Sudan. The text consists of three parts. The first chapter focuses on clarifying the historical North-South relations and the special way of the creation of the Sudan's nation-state; the second chapter introduces the main factors affecting the Sudanese civil war; the third part, chapters III to V, respectively, studies the Sudan during the three parliamentary periods. The relations between the north and the south during the three military governments, the evolution of war and the characteristics of nation-state construction. This paper holds that the independence of Sudan in 1956 only established the basic form of nation-state, and as a decolonized country, it was faced with the arduous task of nation-state construction. In the political unit given to the people of Sudan, the historical feuds of the slave trade between the North and the South, the differences in religion, language, and culture between the two sides, and the strengthening of the consciousness of the North and the South by Britain's divide-and-rule policy, All this makes the north and south two completely different entities. Sudan faced the challenge of a southern separatist movement from the very beginning of its independence. The 1955 Torit mutiny ignited the Civil War and was the beginning of an Arab-African confrontation. Sudan must achieve national integration through nation-state construction, eliminate the differences between North and South, and create national races. Even so, in Sudan, during the parliamentary period and during the period of military rule, the government mostly pursued Arabianism in the construction of a nation-state, advocating Islam and Arabic. This paper attempts to realize the integration of the whole people through Arabization and Islamization: at the same time, it excludes other ethnic groups, especially southerners, on the issues of power sharing, profit distribution, religious language and culture, and denies the unique culture of the South. This was strongly resisted by southerners. Southerners set up various military, political organizations and the government to fight, the war dominated the relationship, but also torn the national community of Sudan. Under the guidance of the Arabist identity, the construction of the Sudanese national state was seriously distorted. In 1983, the Sudanese people's Liberation Movement (SPLM) "Sudanism", led by John Garang, was put forward as a new national consciousness. And a national identity above Arabianism, Africanism, a bond that binds all Sudanese. Up to now, Sudan is still in the process of nation-state construction. Through the research, this paper holds that the construction of the national state of Sudan has the following characteristics: 1: 1, partial deviation of national state orientation. 2. The disconnection between national construction and national construction. 3. War becomes the strength of nation-state construction. A nation and a nation compete with each other.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K412.5

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