浅论19世纪沙皇俄国的西伯利亚政治流放

发布时间：2018-08-14 09:50

【摘要】： 西伯利亚政治流放作为一种社会控制的手段，从一个侧面反映了19世纪沙皇俄国专制统治逐渐走向衰落和民主革命兴起的过程，对19世纪的沙皇俄国的历史、文化产生了重要的影响。在沙皇俄国的其他国家机关的相互配合下，19世纪的西伯利亚政治流放渐成系统，成为当时一个显著的社会现象，并产生了大量的反映这种社会现实的文学艺术作品。对19世纪西伯利亚政治流放做一个立体的考察是为必要。第一章主要介绍了三点：第三厅的设置与西伯利亚政治流放的关系；教育控制与西伯利亚政治流放的关系；书刊检查制度与西伯利亚政治流放的关系。通过对以上三点的考察，可以发现19世纪的沙俄专制政府主要采取两种手法来加强对社会的控制：一是通过对教育和出版物的控制来加强社会控制；二是通过特务、密探、宪兵和警察，用逮捕、监禁和流放的形式来加强控制。随着时间的发展，社会思潮的涌动，，第二种手法在沙皇社会控制中占据着越来越重要的位置。第二章主要介绍了政治流放犯的基本生活状况。尤其通过对政治流放犯刑满释放后的生活状况的考察可以看出，从第一代革命者——十二月党人开始沙皇当局的政治流放并没有达到它想要的效果。革命者并没有因为沙皇的残暴而放弃了继续斗争，相反，参与斗争的人开始从上层逐步走向下层，规模也越来越大。到了19世纪末，政治流放愈益无力，逃跑成为屡见不鲜的事情。最重要的是政治流放并没有改变政治犯的信念，无论在流放地还是流放结束后他们继续从事着反对沙皇专制统治的斗争。第三章主要介绍了19世纪西伯利亚政治流放的特点和影响。19世纪西伯利亚政治流放主要有两个特点，首先是人数多、范围广，政治迫害渐成系统；其次是政治流放的随意性。西伯利亚政治流放不仅同俄国革命运动密切相关，而且政治流放犯的活动也成为俄国社会文化及思想史不可分割的重要组成部分，并在大规模政治流放的过程中出现了民族融合的现象，影响深远。
[Abstract]:As a means of social control, Siberian political exile reflects the decline of Russian autocracy and the rise of democratic revolution in the 19th century, and the history of the Tsar Russia in the 19th century. Culture has had an important influence. The political exile of Siberia in the 19th century gradually became a remarkable social phenomenon and produced a large number of literary and artistic works reflecting this social reality under the cooperation of other state organs of the Czarist Russia. It is necessary to make a stereoscopic study of the political exile of Siberia in the 19 th century. The first chapter mainly introduces three points: the relationship between the establishment of the third room and the Siberian political exile, the relationship between educational control and Siberian political exile, and the relationship between the censorship system and the Siberian political exile. Through the inspection of the above three points, we can find that the Russian autocratic government in the 19th century mainly adopted two methods to strengthen social control: first, through the control of education and publications; second, through special agents and secret agents. Gendarmerie and police, using arrest, imprisonment and exile to strengthen control. With the development of time and the surge of social thoughts, the second method occupies a more and more important position in the czar social control. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic living conditions of political exile criminals. Especially through the investigation of the living conditions of the political exile criminals after their release from prison, it can be seen that the political exile of the czar authorities from the first generation of revolutionaries to the December party did not achieve the desired effect. The revolutionaries did not give up on the struggle because of the czar's cruelty. On the contrary, the people involved in the struggle began to move gradually from the upper to the lower. By the end of the 19 th century, political exile had grown weaker, and flight was commonplace. Above all, political exile did not change the convictions of political prisoners, who continued their struggle against the czarist despotism, both in exile and after exile. The third chapter mainly introduces the characteristics and influence of the political exile of Siberia in the 19th century. There are two main characteristics of the political exile in Siberia in the 19th century. The Siberian political exile was not only closely related to the Russian revolutionary movement, but also became an integral part of the history of Russian social culture and thought. And in the process of large-scale political exile, the phenomenon of ethnic integration, far-reaching impact.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K512.3

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