《奥克西林库斯希腊志》研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 07:12

【摘要】： 公元前5世纪末到前4世纪初的古希腊历史是希腊城邦文明由繁荣走向衰败的重要转折时期，历来受到西方学界的普遍关注。但是，记载这段历史的史料既匮乏又零散。除了一些铭文资料和其他知名作家的残篇断片而外，狄奥多鲁斯的《历史集成》亦保留了相关记述。在西方史学史中，色诺芬的《希腊志》一直到19世纪仍被视为这段历史的权威记述。然而，，《奥克西林库斯希腊志》草纸断片在埃及的出土极大改变了公元前5世纪末到前4世纪初古希腊历史的研究现状。现代西方关于《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的研究成果颇为丰富。最初西方学界只是聚焦于《奥克西林库斯希腊志》作者的身份与比奥提亚的联盟体制，而今则侧重于对其所记内容进行全面地专题研究。国内目前对此论题的研究成果较少，即使有所涉及亦只是简单提及而已。笔者在翻译《奥克西林库斯希腊志》原文的基础上，试图通过与色诺芬、狄奥多鲁斯等其他史家的相关记载进行文献比对来探讨和挖掘《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的史料价值。但必须指出的是，鉴于可资利用的资料的限制，本论文还有待于今后进一步地完善。本文共分为三章：在第一章中，笔者主要探讨了奥克西林库斯的考古发掘、《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的发掘出土及其作者、体例、语言和风格、创作时间以及记载的内容；在第二章中，主要对《奥克西林库斯希腊志》的开罗断片与佛罗伦萨断片所记载的以弗所战役、麦加拉战役和诺丁姆战役进行了史料分析和文献比对；在第三章中，笔者对伦敦断片所记内容进行逐条分析并与其他史家的记述进行了文献比对，其中主要探讨了伯罗奔尼撒战争中雅典的衰落与底比斯的繁荣、比奥提亚的联盟体制、伯罗奔尼撒战争之后雅典的复兴、斯巴达霸权的巩固、科林斯战争、罗德斯民主政变、波斯与希腊城邦的关系以及希腊城邦内部的党派斗争等内容。研究证明，《奥克西林库斯希腊志》主要记载了伯罗奔尼撒战争后期到科林斯战争结束，即从公元前411年到前386年的古希腊历史。从行文、风格和体例来看，奥克西林库斯史家的写作目的亦是为修昔底德续史的。奥克西林库斯史家以翔实的记述、冷峻的判断、客观的分析见长。《奥克西林库斯希腊志》补充或者纠正了色诺芬等其他史家的相关记述。它与色诺芬的《希腊志》虽为同时期古希腊史事的记载，却代表着两种完全不同的史学传统。色诺芬与奥克西林库斯史家之间的分歧与其说是政治方面的派别偏见，不如说是史料来源与兴奋点的不同。从历史学的角度来看，《奥克西林库斯希腊志》似乎比色诺芬的《希腊志》更为可信，奥克西林库斯史家即使难出修昔底德之右，亦会是比色诺芬优秀的历史学家。奥克西林库斯史家与狄奥多鲁斯的记载之间存在诸多共性，说明狄奥多鲁斯一定程度上继承了奥克西林库斯史家的史学传统。《奥克西林库斯希腊志》对于学界重新审视色诺芬与狄奥多鲁斯作品的价值以及重新解读公元前5世纪末到前4世纪初的古希腊历史具有重要的史料参照意义。
[Abstract]:The history of ancient Greece from the end of the 5th century BC to the beginning of the 4th century BC is an important turning point of the Greek city-state civilization from prosperity to decline, which has always attracted the attention of the western academic circles. However, the historical records of this period are scarce and scattered. In the history of Western historiography, Xenophon's Greek Chronicle was still regarded as an authoritative account of this period until the 19th century. However, the unearthing of the scraps of papyrus in Egypt greatly changed the present study of ancient Greek history from the end of the 5th century B.C. to the beginning of the 4th century B.C.
There are plenty of achievements in the study of Oxycillinkus Greek Chronicle in the modern West. Originally, the western academic circles only focused on the identity of the author of Oxycillinkus Greek Chronicle and the alliance system of Biotia, but now they focus on the comprehensive and thematic study of its contents. At present, there are few studies on this topic in China, even though there are few. On the basis of the translation of the original Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus, the author tries to explore and excavate the historical value of Oxycillincus by comparing it with other historians such as Xenophon and Diodorus. The limitation of data should be further improved in the future.
This paper is divided into three chapters: in the first chapter, the author mainly discusses the archaeological excavation of Oxycillincus, the excavation of Oxycillincus and its author, style, language and style, the time of creation and the content of records; in the second chapter, the author mainly discusses the Cairo fragments and Florence fragments of Oxycillincus Greek. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the contents of London fragments one by one and compares them with those of other historians, mainly discussing the decline of Athens in the Peloponnesian War and the multiplicity of Thebes. Rong, the alliance system of Biotia, the revival of Athens after the Peloponnesian War, the consolidation of Spartan hegemony, the Corinthian War, the Democratic coup of Rhodes, the relations between Persia and the Greek city-states, and the partisan struggle within the Greek city-states.
The study proves that the Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus mainly records the ancient Greek history from the late Peloponnesian War to the end of the Corinthian War, that is, from 411 BC to 386 BC. The purpose of the Oxycillincus historian's writing is to continue the history of Thucydides in terms of writing, style and style. The Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus supplements or corrects the relevant accounts of other historians, such as Xenophon. Although the Chronicle of Greece is a record of ancient Greek events of the same period, it represents two completely different historical traditions. The distinction between Xenophon and Oxycillincus historians From a historical point of view, the Greek Chronicle of Oxycillincus seems more credible than the Greek Chronicle of Xenophon, and the Oxycillincus historian would be a better historian than Xenophon even if he could not get out of Thucydides'right. There are many similarities between Lincus historians and Diodorus, indicating that Diodorus inherited to some extent the historiographic tradition of Oxycillincus historians. The ancient Greek history has important historical reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K125

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