论帖木儿帝国与钦察汗国的关系

发布时间：2018-09-14 19:13

【摘要】： 14世纪中期,蒙古人建立的西察合台汗国日渐衰弱,成为河中地区的突厥贵族的傀儡。帖木儿便是这些突厥贵族中的一位。帖木儿夺取政权之后,积极向外扩张,迅速建立了帖木儿帝国。在帖木儿帝国初期,蒙古人在钦察草原上建立的钦察汗国发生内讧,其属国白帐汗国日趋强大,开始干涉其宗主钦察汗国的事务。白帐贵族脱脱迷失利用帖木儿势力,取得钦察汗国汗位。之后,脱脱迷失企图摆脱帖木儿的控制,由此,引发了双方的战争。这一战争长达十几年之久。帖木儿与钦察汗脱脱迷失之间的战争分为两个阶段。从1383年起到1388年为第一阶段。在这一阶段中,脱脱迷失主动出击,帖木儿采取被动防守。1388至1396年的8年是第二阶段,在此阶段中,帖木儿主动出击,而脱脱迷失被动防守。在1395至1396年冬,帖木儿率军进入伏尔加河流域。在夺取钦察汗国重要城市阿斯特拉罕后,帖木儿迁走全城居民,将城市烧毁。接着,帖木儿向钦察汗国都城萨莱城进发。萨莱城没有进行抵抗,帖木儿用大火烧掉了该城。以后,钦察汗在内忧外患中去世。几年后,帖木儿也于1405年在前往征服中国的途中去世,两者之间的关系结束。帖木儿死后,帖木儿帝国解体。他的后继者们在原帖木儿帝国内建立起各自独立的王朝,历史上将这些王朝称为帖木儿王朝。帖木儿王朝继续与钦察汗国就花拉子模的归属问题发生争夺。在兀鲁伯时代,帖木儿王朝取得了花拉子模的控制权。帖木儿与钦察汗之间的战争,使中亚、东欧生产力水平遭到了极大的破坏。东欧、中亚的许多商业城镇也遭到毁灭,通过这些地区的国际商路曾一度阻绝。同时,他们之间的战争给这些地区的人民带来了极大的灾难,人民饱受掠夺和残杀。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 14 th century, the western Chahetai khanate established by the Mongols became a puppet of the Turkic aristocracy in the middle of the river. Timur was one of these Turkic nobles. After Timur seized power, he actively expanded outwards and quickly established the Timur Empire. In the early days of the Timur Empire, the Mongolians fought infighting in the Khin Cha Khan country established on Chincha grassland, and the white tent khanate became more and more powerful, and began to interfere in the affairs of its great-lord, Qincha Khan. White account aristocrats get rid of loss and use Timur power to obtain Khan position of Qincha Khan. After that, he tried to get rid of the control of Timur, which led to the war between the two sides. The war lasted for more than a decade. The war between Timur and Chin Cha Khan is divided into two stages. The first stage was from 1383 to 1388. In this stage, it is the second stage for Timur to take passive defense from 1388 to 1396. In this stage, Timur takes the initiative to attack, but to get rid of the passive defense. In the winter of 1395-1396, Timur led the army into the Volga River Basin. After seizing Astrakhan, Timur moved the city and burned it down. Then Timur made his way to the capital city of Salai. Sarai did not resist, and Timur burned the city with fire. Later, Qincha Khan died of internal and external troubles. A few years later, Timur died on his way to conquer China in 1405, ending the relationship. After Timur died, the Timur Empire disintegrated. His successors established their own independent dynasties within the former Timur Empire, which historically were called Timur's. The Timur dynasty continued to compete with Chin Chah Khan over the ownership of the flower model. In the era of Luber, the Timur dynasty gained control of the model. The war between Timur and Chinchakhan caused great damage to productivity in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. In Eastern Europe, many commercial towns in Central Asia were also destroyed, through which international trade routes were blocked. At the same time, the war between them brought great disaster to the people of these areas, the people were plundered and killed.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K3

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