喀土穆的国内流离失所者与城市化研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 20:12

【摘要】：一般而言，持续的经济发展和城市化是相伴而生的，但是在非洲，城市化进程并不是工业经济繁荣的产物，非洲的快速城市化主要是由大量农村人口向城市的迁移造成的。本文便以苏丹喀土穆为例具体分析国内流离失所者这一被迫迁移导致的城市化模式，分析这一路径下快速城市化所产生的必然后果。喀土穆是苏丹最大也最为富裕的城市，，自殖民时代，人口稳步增长，而最显著的增长则发生在过去的三十年间，在这期间，因内战、冲突、干旱、饥荒及其影响下农耕经济的崩溃将大量的农村人口推向了首都。城市人口的机械化增长加速了喀土穆的城市化进程，无论是从人口规模还是在城市空间扩展上。在此过程中，人数众多的国内流离失所者不仅向城市贡献了不断攀升的失业率，加剧了城市的贫困和拥挤，还为城市原有的基础设施和公共服务体系造成了巨大压力。本文分为三个部分来探讨喀土穆的国内流离失所者和城市化问题。第一部分主要陈述和总结喀土穆城市中国内流离失所者的来源、人口规模，并从安置与生活条件、雇佣和经济状况、公共服务的获取、社会文化的改变以及歧视与边缘化等方面论述其在城市中的生存状况。第二部分则将国内流离失所者视为被迫迁移者考察其与喀土穆城市发展之间的互动过程，具体分析了国内流离失所者的到来对喀土穆人口扩展与城市化、城市空间扩展与规划、城市经济发展、城市政治、城市安全以及城市环境造成的不可忽视的影响。第三部分阐述苏丹本国政府、国际社会以及中国直接或间接地为喀土穆国内流离失所者问题的改善所奉行的政策和采取的措施，以及国际援助在喀土穆城市化进程中的参与状况。结语部分就国内流离失所者与喀土穆快速城市化问题进行了归纳和总结，指出这一城市化模式的弊端，并希望流离失所问题可以在本国政府或国际社会法律和政策层面得到有效解决。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, sustained economic development and urbanization are concomitant, but in Africa, the process of urbanization is not the product of industrial economic prosperity, the rapid urbanization of Africa is mainly caused by the migration of a large number of rural people to cities. This paper takes Khartoum, Sudan as an example, to analyze the pattern of urbanization caused by forced displacement of internally displaced persons, and the inevitable consequences of rapid urbanization under this path. Khartoum is the largest and richest city in Sudan, with a steady increase in population since colonial times, and the most significant increase has occurred in the past three decades, during which civil war, conflict, drought, Famine and the collapse of the farming economy have pushed large numbers of rural people to the capital. The mechanization of the urban population has accelerated the urbanisation of Khartoum, both in terms of population size and urban space expansion. In the process, the large number of internally displaced persons not only contributes to the rising unemployment rate in the cities, exacerbates poverty and overcrowding in the cities, but also puts great pressure on the original infrastructure and public service systems in the cities. This article is divided into three parts to discuss the issue of internally displaced persons and urbanization in Khartoum. The first part mainly describes and summarizes the sources, population size, resettlement and living conditions, employment and economic conditions, access to public services of the Chinese internally displaced people in Khartoum City, The change of social culture, discrimination and marginalization, etc. The second part considers the internally displaced persons as forced migrants to examine the interaction between them and the urban development in Khartoum, and analyzes the impact of the arrival of the internally displaced persons on the population expansion and urbanization, urban spatial expansion and planning in Khartoum. Urban economic development, urban politics, urban safety and urban environment can not be ignored. The third part describes the policies and measures taken by the Government of the Sudan, the international community and China, directly or indirectly, to improve the problem of internally displaced persons in Khartoum, And the participation of international aid in the process of urbanization in Khartoum. The conclusion part summarizes and summarizes the problem of the internally displaced persons and the rapid urbanization in Khartoum, and points out the disadvantages of this model of urbanization. It is also hoped that displacement can be effectively addressed at the legal and policy levels of the national Government or the international community.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K412;F299.412

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