艾奇逊与冷战初期美国对欧洲政策的制定（1947-1949）
发布时间：2018-09-18 09:14
【摘要】：迪安·艾奇逊(1893—1971)1941年起进入国务院工作,1947年到1949年期间先后担任杜鲁门总统的副国务卿与国务卿。作为当时国务院政策决策层的核心成员,艾奇逊参与了当时杜鲁门政府的历次重大外交活动,在制定对欧洲政策,特别是马歇尔计划、解决柏林封锁和建立北大西洋公约组织等历史事件中扮演了重要角色。本文从分析历史事件的角度着手,考察美国对欧洲政策制定过程中艾奇逊的参与度与影响度。 本文共分四章。 第一章主要阐述艾奇逊的生平与欧洲观。第一,欧洲移民的身份使他对欧洲的情况更为熟悉也更为有兴趣。第二,他与杜鲁门的互相欣赏和融洽相处,使得他们在政治观点上更容易达成共识。艾奇逊的外交理念也就能通过向总统出谋划策的方式,影响美国对外政策的制定。第三,作为一名现实主义者和大西洋主义者,他在对欧洲问题的立场上坚持扶持西欧对抗苏联的原则,他赞同重视欧洲、援助欧洲、联合欧洲。 第二章是艾奇逊与马歇尔计划。时任副国务卿的艾奇逊虽未全程参与马歇尔计划的实施,却为这项计划的开展拉开了帷幕。他在克利夫兰的演说,被认为是马歇尔计划的催生剂。 第三章写艾奇逊与第一次柏林危机的解决。在柏林危机的解决过程中,艾奇逊刚刚上任国务卿,敏锐的抓住了苏联想要和解的信号,促成“杰塞普—马立克会谈”这种非官方的接触形式,巧妙的为各国的沟通创造了机会,推进危机的解决。 第四章艾奇逊与北大西洋公约组织的建立。在北约的筹划阶段,艾奇逊参与有限,但是自他1949年重新回到国务院以后,便立即投入到北约建立的谈判中,他一次又一次在国会与各界的反对声中解释斡旋,是北大西洋公约得以出台的重要功臣。
[Abstract]:Dean Acheson (1893-1971) joined the State Department in 1941 and served as Deputy Secretary of State and Secretary of State of President Truman from 1947 to 1949. As a core member of the State Council's policy decisions at that time, Acheson was involved in major diplomatic activities under the Truman administration at that time, formulating policies towards Europe, especially the Marshall Plan. The resolution of the Berlin blockade and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other historical events played an important role. From the perspective of historical events, this paper examines the participation and influence of Acheson in the process of European policy making. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds Acheson's life and view of Europe. First, his status as a European immigrant made him more familiar with and more interested in what was going on in Europe. Second, his mutual appreciation and rapport with Truman made it easier for them to reach consensus on political views. Acheson's diplomatic ideas can influence American foreign policy by advising the president. Third, as a realist and an Atlanticist, he insisted on the principle of supporting Western Europe against the Soviet Union in his position on European issues. He agreed to attach importance to Europe, to aid Europe, and to unite Europe. The second chapter is Acheson and Marshall Plan. Acheson, then deputy secretary of state, was not fully involved in the Marshall Plan, but began it. His speech in Cleveland was considered a catalyst for the Marshall Plan. Chapter three deals with Acheson and the solution of the first Berlin crisis. In the course of resolving the Berlin crisis, Acheson, who had just taken over as secretary of state, keenly grasped the signal that the Soviet Union wanted to reconcile, leading to an unofficial form of contact such as the Jessup-Malik talks. Ingeniously for the communication of countries to create the opportunity to promote the resolution of the crisis. Chapter IV Acheson and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Acheson's involvement in NATO planning was limited, but since returning to the State Department in 1949, he has been immediately involved in NATO negotiations, explaining his mediation over and over again in opposition to Congress. Is the North Atlantic Treaty to be introduced an important contribution.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.54
[Abstract]:Dean Acheson (1893-1971) joined the State Department in 1941 and served as Deputy Secretary of State and Secretary of State of President Truman from 1947 to 1949. As a core member of the State Council's policy decisions at that time, Acheson was involved in major diplomatic activities under the Truman administration at that time, formulating policies towards Europe, especially the Marshall Plan. The resolution of the Berlin blockade and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other historical events played an important role. From the perspective of historical events, this paper examines the participation and influence of Acheson in the process of European policy making. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds Acheson's life and view of Europe. First, his status as a European immigrant made him more familiar with and more interested in what was going on in Europe. Second, his mutual appreciation and rapport with Truman made it easier for them to reach consensus on political views. Acheson's diplomatic ideas can influence American foreign policy by advising the president. Third, as a realist and an Atlanticist, he insisted on the principle of supporting Western Europe against the Soviet Union in his position on European issues. He agreed to attach importance to Europe, to aid Europe, and to unite Europe. The second chapter is Acheson and Marshall Plan. Acheson, then deputy secretary of state, was not fully involved in the Marshall Plan, but began it. His speech in Cleveland was considered a catalyst for the Marshall Plan. Chapter three deals with Acheson and the solution of the first Berlin crisis. In the course of resolving the Berlin crisis, Acheson, who had just taken over as secretary of state, keenly grasped the signal that the Soviet Union wanted to reconcile, leading to an unofficial form of contact such as the Jessup-Malik talks. Ingeniously for the communication of countries to create the opportunity to promote the resolution of the crisis. Chapter IV Acheson and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Acheson's involvement in NATO planning was limited, but since returning to the State Department in 1949, he has been immediately involved in NATO negotiations, explaining his mediation over and over again in opposition to Congress. Is the North Atlantic Treaty to be introduced an important contribution.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.54
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