民族历史的权力:19—20世纪欧洲的民族历史编纂

发布时间：2018-10-08 14:01

【摘要】：民族主义发端于中世纪欧洲。民族归属感的比喻可回溯到中世纪和近代早期。现代民族与前现代时期的民族截然不同。18世纪后半叶,制度化和职业化的历史研究出现,科学的历史学兴起。历史学家成为民族叙述发展的重要因素。19世纪,浪漫主义的民族历史编纂学在欧洲各地崛起。语言、历史和文化被用来论证民族的特殊性。1850—1950年,民族历史编纂是欧洲历史编纂的主导形式。历史学家排斥或调和宗教、阶级和种族因素对民族历史的侵蚀,维护民族叙述的统一性。二战中的战争、占领与大屠杀导致欧洲各国的民族历史经历重新审视。战后,历史编纂学日益多元化,各种思潮不断考验民族历史框架,把认同与历史重新民族化的尝试随之产生。21世纪初,欧洲历史学家期待欧洲化、全球化的历史编纂,但民族的历史编纂框架仍然具有活力。
[Abstract]:Nationalism originated in medieval Europe. The metaphor of national belonging can be traced back to the Middle Ages and early modern times. In the second half of the 18th century, institutionalization and professionalization of historical studies appeared, and scientific history rose. Historians became an important factor in the development of national narration. Language, History and Culture are used to demonstrate the particularity of the nation. 1850-1950, the compilation of national history is the dominant form of European history compilation. Historians reject or reconcile religious, class, and racial factors that erode national history and preserve the unity of national narratives. The war, occupation and Holocaust in World War II led to a reexamination of the national history of European countries. After the war, the history compilation science becomes more and more diversified, various ideological trends constantly test the national historical frame, and the attempt to nationalize identity and history comes into being at the beginning of the 21st century. European historians look forward to the Europeanization and globalization of historical compilation. However, the historical compilation framework of the nation still has vitality.
【作者单位】：德国鲁尔大学社会运动研究所;德国鲁尔大学鲁尔史研究室;华东师范大学历史系;
【分类号】：K508

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