冲突与合作：一战期间英美关系解析（1914—1918年）

发布时间：2018-10-17 07:22

【摘要】： 英美关系是国际关系史上的重要课题，也是现代社会的热点问题。英国和美国曾经是母国与殖民地的关系，美国独立后，，英美关系经历了两百多年的发展，形成了当今人们所熟悉的“英美特殊关系”。在英美关系的转变历史过程中，第一次世界大战具有重要影响。本论文试图以美国独立后至第一次世界大战前英美关系的发展趋势为宏观背景，将一战期间英美关系作为一个整体进行研究，力求展现这一时期英美关系的演变特征以及一战对英美关系造成的影响。全文共分为五章：第一章是对1783年英国承认美国独立后至第一次世界大战前英美关系的回顾。1783年到1814年，是美国独立后到一战前英美关系最恶劣的时期；《根特条约》签订后到美西战争前，两国敌对与友好并存；1898年到1914年，和解是两国关系的主流。第二章主要论述的是1914年英美海上权利的冲突。美国建议交战国遵守伦敦宣言，英国三改伦敦宣言但均未做出实质性让步，这场争论以美国的妥协告终。第三章主要分析的是1915年-1916年英美和平努力中的分歧与合作。1915年豪斯出使欧洲空手而回，1916年签订了格雷-豪斯备忘录，但最终也被搁置，两次调停均以失败告终。第四章揭示的是1917年-1918年英美共同作战过程中的冲突与合作。美国参战后，英美两国战争协作出现了很多困难，在和平目标上也出现了很多冲突和分歧，两国通过互派使团交流和磋商，终于建立了有效的战争合作机制，通过协商和相互妥协，也终于在停战条件上取得一致意见。第五章是本文的结论部分。一战期间英美关系表现出来的特征是冲突与合作：在冲突下有合作，在合作时有冲突。一战也对英美关系产生了重要影响，两国在经济地位、海上力量等方面都发生了变化。目前，国内史学界对于一战期间的英美关系，还没有细致的、深入的研究，因此本选题整体地论述一战期间的英美关系是比较有意义的。
[Abstract]:Anglo-American relationship is an important subject in the history of international relations, and also a hot issue in modern society. After the independence of the United States, the relationship between the United States and the United States experienced more than two hundred years of development, forming the "special relationship between the United States and the United States", which is now familiar to people. World War I played an important role in the transformation of Anglo-American relations. This thesis attempts to study the Anglo-American relationship as a whole during World War I against the background of the development trend of Anglo-American relations from independence to the first World War. Try to show the evolution of Anglo-American relations during this period and the impact of the first World War on Anglo-American relations. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is a review of the Anglo-American relations between Britain and the United States from 1783 to the first World War. It was the worst period between the United States and the United States before the first World War; after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent and before the war between the United States and Spain, the two countries were hostile and friendly; from 1898 to 1914, reconciliation was the mainstream of the relations between the two countries. The second chapter mainly discusses the conflict of British and American maritime rights in 1914. The United States advised belligerents to abide by the London Declaration, and Britain changed the London Declaration three times without making any substantive concessions, an argument that ended with a compromise in the United States. The third chapter mainly analyzes the differences and cooperation in the British and American peace efforts from 1915 to 1916. House returned to Europe empty-handed in 1915 and signed the Gray-House Memorandum in 1916, but it was finally shelved, and both mediation failed. The fourth chapter reveals the conflict and cooperation in the course of Anglo-American joint operation from 1917 to 1918. After the United States entered the war, there were many difficulties in the cooperation between the United States and the United States in the war, and there were also many conflicts and differences on the goal of peace. Through exchange of missions and consultations, the two countries finally established an effective mechanism for war cooperation. Through negotiation and mutual compromise, agreement was finally reached on armistice terms. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper. During World War I, Anglo-American relations were characterized by conflict and cooperation: cooperation in conflict and conflict in cooperation. World War I also had an important impact on Anglo-American relations, both in terms of economic status and maritime power. At present, there is no detailed and in-depth study on the Anglo-American relationship during World War I, so it is meaningful to discuss the Anglo-American relationship during the first World War as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K143

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