戴高乐与阿尔及利亚独立

发布时间：2018-10-19 18:37

【摘要】：戴高乐是法国特殊时代背景下造就的英雄,他顺应时代而生,在法国和世界历史上留下颇有特色的一页。阿尔及利亚战争是阿尔及利亚人民为追求独立自主而进行的反法殖民战争。1962年7月3日,戴高乐宣布阿尔及利亚独立,至此,这场延续了七年半之久的战争结束了。本文选取自戴高乐第二次上台执政开始直至阿尔及利亚取得独立这段时期(1958年6月-1962年7月),以戴高乐在阿尔及利亚独立中所起的作用为核心,以戴高乐在阿尔及利亚的政策为线索贯穿始终。分析戴高乐的阿尔及利亚政策如何一步步被动、无奈地退让,直至允许阿尔及利亚独立。在文章之中,作者会总结并分析这些影响戴高乐制定阿尔及利亚政策的因素,并对戴高乐在阿尔及利亚独立事件中的作用予以评价。文章分五部分进行论述。第一部分主要论述了阿尔及利亚战争的发展致使法第四共和国崩溃以及戴高乐上台执政的背景。法兰西第四共和国崩溃之后,阿尔及利亚战争更加激烈,法国国内也面临着无政府状态的局面。凭借着在二战中为挽回法国战胜国地位而获得“法国救世主”称号的戴高乐,在法、阿人民的共同拥护下上台了。第二部分主要介绍戴高乐上台初期延续法兰西第四共和国的对阿政策(“法属阿尔及利亚”政策)及其失败结局。戴这一政策使得本来拥护他的阿尔及利亚民众开始反对他,致使战争继续加剧。这不论对于法国还是阿尔及利亚,都是不幸的。第三部分介绍戴高乐在延续“法属阿尔及利亚”政策失败的情况下,转变对阿政策,采取“阿尔及利亚自决”政策,这一政策却又激起法国国内反对阿尔及利亚独立的极端势力的强烈反对。经过艰苦斗争,戴高乐镇压了国内反对势力,阿尔及利亚获得了“自决权”。第四部分阐述戴高乐与阿尔及利亚的和谈,以和谈的方式解决阿尔及利亚问题,并承认阿尔及利亚的独立。最后一部分综合分析影响戴高乐制定阿尔及利亚政策的因素,并对戴高乐在阿尔及利亚独立事件中的历史地位加以分析。由此,作者认为戴高乐在阿尔及利亚独立事件中所起的作用正表明其是顺应时代发展潮流的英雄,是法国历史上的伟人。
[Abstract]:Charles de Gaulle is a hero created under the background of the French special age. He lived in accordance with the times and left a distinctive page in the history of France and the world. The Algerian War was an anti-French colonial war waged by the Algerian people in pursuit of independence. On July 3, 1962, de Gaulle declared Algeria independent, ending a war that lasted for seven and a half years. This article is drawn from the period from the beginning of de Gaulle's second coming into power to Algeria's independence (June 1958 to July 1962), with the role of Charles de Gaulle in Algeria's independence as the core. With de Gaulle's policy in Algeria as a clue throughout. Analyze how de Gaulle's Algerian policy was passively and reluctantly backed down until Algeria's independence was allowed. In the article, the author will summarize and analyze the factors that influence de Gaulle's policy making in Algeria, and evaluate the role of Charles de Gaulle in Algeria's independence. The article is divided into five parts. The first part mainly discusses the development of the Algerian War which led to the collapse of the fourth Republic of France and the background of de Gaulle's coming to power. After the collapse of the fourth Republic of France, the Algerian war intensified, and France faced anarchy. Charles de Gaulle, who won the title of "French savior" in World War II to restore France's victorious position, came to power under the common support of the French people. The second part mainly introduces de Gaulle's continuation of France's fourth Republic's policy towards Afghanistan ("French Algeria" policy) and its failure in the early days of de Gaulle's coming to power. The policy led his supporters to oppose him, exacerbating the war. This is unfortunate for both France and Algeria. The third part introduces de Gaulle's policy of "Algeria's self-determination" after the failure of the continuation of the "French Algeria" policy. This policy, however, provoked strong opposition from extremist forces in France against Algeria's independence. After a hard struggle, de Gaulle suppressed the domestic opposition, and Algeria gained the right to self-determination. The fourth part expounds the peace talks between Charles de Gaulle and Algeria, the settlement of the Algerian problem by peace talks, and the recognition of Algeria's independence. The last part synthetically analyzes the factors that influence de Gaulle to formulate Algerian policy, and analyzes the historical position of de Gaulle in Algeria's independence. Therefore, the author thinks that Charles de Gaulle's role in the independence of Algeria shows that he is a hero following the development of the times and a great man in the history of France.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K565

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