英属北美殖民地时代弗吉尼亚本土精英探微：1700—1750

发布时间：2018-10-21 09:07

【摘要】： 本文主要对英属北美殖民地时期(1700—1750年)弗吉尼亚本土精英的经济、政治活动及其实践影响进行研究,以说明本土精英在弗吉尼亚殖民地内部发展过程中的作用。引言部分介绍了目前关于美国殖民地时期弗吉尼亚的研究现状,对国内外的相关研究成果进行简单的分类和总结,介绍本文的研究方法和创作目的。正文由三部分组成: 第一部分对本土精英进行概述,介绍其源起情况和此时期弗吉尼亚殖民地人口增长的变化及对本土精英的影响,叙述本土精英的经济来源及其有关经济多样化的尝试。第二部分探析本土精英的政治活动对弗吉尼亚政治体制演变的影响。一方面,本土精英担任了弗吉尼亚从参事会员、下院议员到地方治安法官、教区委员等各项职务,而且这些职务都与家族政治密切相关;另一方面,本土精英的日益成熟对弗吉尼亚代议制度的演变,尤其是议会下院的崛起产生了重要影响。第三部分初步分析了本土精英的实践所产生的影响。一方面,本土精英所赖以生存的黑人奴隶劳动制度对后世美国产生了严重的消极影响;另一方面,世俗绅士阶层操纵教区委员会,使得牧师长期处于从属地位,造成了弗吉尼亚的宗教世俗化,并最终实现了宗教的自由化;同时,本土精英对自由和权利的追求使得他们逐渐走上与母国相对抗和争取独立的道路。结语部分对全文进行归纳总结,对本文未曾深入研究的普通民众的政治权利和参政渠道予以初步说明,认为其作用无法与本土精英相比拟;初步阐述此时期弗吉尼亚本土精英思想的演变。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the economic, political activities and practical influence of the native elite in Virginia during the British North American colonial period (1700-1750), in order to explain the role of the local elite in the development of the Virginia colony. The introduction introduces the current research situation of Virginia in the colonial period of the United States, classifies and summarizes the relevant research results at home and abroad, and introduces the research methods and creative purposes of this paper. The text is composed of three parts: the first part gives an overview of the native elite, introduces its origin, changes in the population growth of Virginia colonies during this period and its impact on the local elite. This paper describes the economic sources of the local elite and their attempts to diversify the economy. The second part analyzes the influence of the political activities of the local elite on the evolution of Virginia political system. On the one hand, the local elite held various positions in Virginia, from counselors to MPs to magistrates and parishioners, and these positions were closely related to family politics; on the other hand, The growing maturity of the local elite has had an important impact on the evolution of Virginia's representative system, especially the rise of the House of Commons. The third part analyzes the influence of the local elite's practice. On the one hand, the black slave labor system on which the local elite depended had a serious negative impact on the future United States; on the other hand, the secular gentry manipulated the parish council, making the pastor subservient for a long time. It resulted in secularization of religion in Virginia and finally the liberalization of religion. At the same time, the local elite's pursuit of freedom and rights made them gradually embark on the road of fighting against their home country and striving for independence. The conclusion part summarizes the full text, and explains the political rights and political participation channels of ordinary people which have not been studied in depth in this paper, and thinks that its role can not be compared with the local elite. The evolution of the thought of Virginia native elite in this period is preliminarily expounded.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.3

【参考文献】