维特改革与俄国现代化进程研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 11:22

【摘要】：19世纪末20世纪初,俄国社会处于现代化转型的重要时期,维特改革的各项措施在俄国社会中产生了深远影响,推动了俄国的现代化进程。本文主要分为四部分,从现代化发展的角度对维特改革进行全面的阐述和分析。第一部分介绍了维特改革的历史背景。从对历史发展进程的研究中,寻求俄国现代化的一些基本特点。俄国实质上的现代化从彼得大帝时代就已开始,随后历经叶卡捷琳娜二世和亚历山大二世改革有了较为明显的发展。在此过程之中,显现出资本主义经济发展与封建统治下农奴制的深刻矛盾,俄国社会危机加深,使得改革成为历史发展的必然。同时,西方思想的传入也起到了催化剂的作用。第二部分着重于维特的经济改革。维特的经济改革涉及俄国经济生活的各个领域。改革中国营经济,尤其是铁路事业的发展,引起了很大反响。大量财政收入和外国资金用于铁路建设。举世闻名的西伯利亚大铁路在维特的主持下完成,成为其最耀眼的成就。同时在财政领域也采取了各项改革措施。实行关税保护、引进外资和改行金本位制等,稳定了俄国经济。维特也意识到农业的重要性,并作出了积极的努力。第三部分阐述了维特的社会政治改革。维特通过立法和行政体制变革,推动了俄国的宪政进程。同时,在社会生活领域领域也取得了一定进展。第四部分是对维特改革与俄国现代化进程的历史思考。分析了维特改革对俄国现代化进程两方面的影响。承认维特改革对现代化,尤其是工业化的积极推动作用,但也不能忽视其中农业发展相对薄弱等问题。同时,维特改革对俄国现代化的继续发展,尤其是对斯托雷平土地改革产生了深远影响。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian society was in an important period of modernization transformation. The measures of Vitert reform had a profound influence on the Russian society and promoted the modernization process of Russia. This article is divided into four parts, from the perspective of modern development of the reform of Victor comprehensive elaboration and analysis. The first part introduces the historical background of the reform. From the study of historical development process, seek some basic characteristics of Russian modernization. The substantial modernization of Russia began in Peter the Great's time, and then developed obviously through the reforms of Yekaterina II and Alexander II. In this process, the deep contradiction between the development of capitalist economy and serfdom under feudal rule appeared, and the crisis of Russian society deepened, which made the reform an inevitable trend of historical development. At the same time, the introduction of Western ideas also played a catalytic role. The second part focuses on Victor's economic reform. Victor's economic reform involved various fields of Russian economic life. Reform of the Chinese economy, especially the development of railway cause, caused a lot of repercussions. A large amount of financial revenue and foreign funds are used for railway construction. The world-famous Siberian Railway was completed under the auspices of Victor, becoming its most dazzling achievement. At the same time, the financial sector has also taken various reform measures. The Russian economy was stabilized by tariff protection, introduction of foreign capital and switch to the gold standard system. Victor also realized the importance of agriculture and made active efforts. The third part expounds the social and political reform of Victor. Through the reform of legislative and administrative system, Witte promoted the constitutional process of Russia. At the same time, some progress has been made in the field of social life. The fourth part is the historical thinking about the reform of Vitert and the modernization of Russia. This paper analyzes the influence of Vitert's reform on Russia's modernization process. It is acknowledged that the reform of Witte has played an active role in promoting modernization, especially industrialization, but the relative weakness of agricultural development should not be ignored. At the same time, the Victorian Reform had a profound impact on the continued development of Russian modernization, especially on the Stolepin Land Reform.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K512.4

【相似文献】