美国革命期间宗教教派政治态度与立场浅析（1775-1783）

发布时间：2018-10-22 20:43

【摘要】： 美国革命是美国成为一个国家的开始,它深远地影响着美国社会的方方面面。而宗教作为美国文化的重要组成部分,在美国革命中通过各个宗教教派不同的政治态度与立场影响着美国革命,也接受着美国革命的影响。在前人研究的基础上,本文从以殖民地早期发展中的教派矛盾,美国革命中的宗教教派矛盾以及战争中和战后各宗教教派矛盾的调整为主线,从美国革命前北美的宗教概况,美国革命期间各宗教教派不同的政治态度与立场以及对其原因和影响的分析三个方面来具体分析美国革命期间各宗教教派的政治态度与立场。第一,在北美,宗教不仅是其文化的重要组成部分,更是其社会的构成要素之一。从最初的移民到达北美之时,北美的宗教就开始了其宗教教派多样化和本土化两个发展过程,并且受到欧洲文化和北美特殊环境的影响逐渐呈现出自由、世俗、务实等等特征。这就使得美国革命中,众多的教派会积极参与世俗事务,同时又会因宗教信仰和现实政治而产生严重的分歧。第二,美国革命期间,各教派积极参与政治,各教派间及各宗教教派内部都存在许多矛盾。圣公会内部有的支持英国,有的支持美国,有的支持和平。其它新教教派中的浸礼会、长老会、公理会基本支持美国革命。卫斯理宗同圣公会一样,各种政治态度都有。贵格会教徒一部分支持和平,一部分支持英国。天主教则因反英而支持北美。第三,美国革命期间各宗教教派不同的政治态度与立场不仅仅是一种宗教现象,更是美国革命的重要组成部分。不仅加快了美国革命的进程,影响着美国社会的发展,同时宗教自身也在这个过程中发生变化。
[Abstract]:The American Revolution is the beginning of American becoming a nation. It has a profound influence on every aspect of American society. Religion, as an important part of American culture, influences American revolution and accepts American revolution through different political attitude and stand of various religious sects. On the basis of previous studies, this paper starts with the adjustment of sectarian contradictions in the early colonial period, the religious sectarian contradictions in the American revolution, and the contradictions between the various religious denominations in the war and after the war, from the perspective of the religious situation in North America before the American Revolution. The political attitude and stand of different religious denominations during the American Revolution and the analysis of their causes and influences are analyzed in detail. The political attitudes and positions of the religious denominations during the American Revolution are analyzed in detail. First, in North America, religion is not only an important part of its culture, but also an essential element of its society. From the time when the first immigrants arrived in North America, the religion of North America began to develop in the process of diversification and localization of religious sects, and the influence of the European culture and the special environment of North America gradually showed the characteristics of freedom, secularism, pragmatism and so on. As a result, many sects in the American Revolution will actively participate in secular affairs, and at the same time will have serious differences over religious beliefs and realpolitik. Second, during the American Revolution, various sects took an active part in politics, and there were many contradictions among the sects and within religious denominations. Anglican support for Britain, some for the United States, some for peace. The Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church of other Protestant denominations, basically supports the American Revolution. Wesley, like the Anglican Church, has all kinds of political attitudes. Quakers support peace in part and Britain in part. Catholicism supports North America because it is anti-British. Third, the different political attitudes and positions of various religious denominations during the American Revolution are not only a religious phenomenon, but also an important part of the American Revolution. It not only accelerates the process of American revolution and influences the development of American society, but also changes religion itself.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.4

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