论伊丽莎白一世时期的英国私掠船活动
发布时间：2018-10-24 21:04
【摘要】： 私掠船活动是指在战争期间，由敌对国家中的一方授权给船主或中间牵线人，使其在海上拦截其他国家的船只并对船上的物品进行抢劫，对船上的水手和搭客施以暴行，或者袭击对手国家的殖民地港口并烧杀劫掠。其本质是政府授权的、有针对性的海盗行为。但它和普通的海盗行为有区别。英国私掠船活动在伊丽莎白时期面临内忧外患的情况下兴起，是一种政治现象，也是一种社会现象。在私掠船活动中，人员构成很复杂，因其特殊的时代背景，这项活动几乎成为了“全民运动”，伊丽莎白女王、政府、官员、贸易者、贵族、商人和贫苦大众都加入了这项活动。随着政局的发展和变化，它的规模和数量也不断的发展壮大。虽然英国私掠船活动是作为战争的补充形式，是战争附带的衍生物，但是，在伊丽莎白一世这一特殊的时期，在特定历史环境的催化之下，它起了不小的历史作用。首先，英国私掠船活动是当时反霸权斗争的一部分，加速了西班牙帝国的衰落，从而促进了欧洲力量的改变。其次，它带来了巨大的经济效益，为伊丽莎白政府敛聚了巨额财富，不仅缓解了当时的财政拮据，而且推动了国内经济的繁荣，带动了城市的发展，，稳定了国内形势，为后来的工业革命积累了一定的原始资本。在军事方面它加强了英国的海上力量，并配合皇家海军取得了西班牙战争的胜利，具有战略意义。同时，迈出了建立殖民地的第一步，还推动了造船业和航运业的发展。但是，私掠船掠夺活动也有消极的方面，特别是导致了英国政府官员的贪污腐化和法律威信的下降。
[Abstract]:Private skimming refers to the authorization of one of the hostile States, during a war, to the owner or intermediary of the ship to intercept at sea the vessels of other countries and to rob the goods on board, and to commit atrocities against the sailors and passengers on board. Or attack the colonial ports of rival countries and burn and loot. Its essence is authorized by the government, targeted piracy. But it is different from ordinary piracy. The rise of privately-skimming in England under the circumstances of internal and external troubles in Elizabeth period is both a political and a social phenomenon. In privateering, the composition of the people is very complex, because of its special background, this activity almost became the "national movement", Queen Elizabeth, the government, officials, traders, aristocrats, Businessmen and poor people joined the campaign. With the development and change of the political situation, its scale and quantity also develop unceasingly. Although British privateer ship activity is a supplementary form of war and a collateral derivative of war, it played a significant historical role in the special period of Elizabeth I, under the catalysis of specific historical environment. First, British privateering was part of the anti-hegemony struggle, which accelerated the decline of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the change of European power. Secondly, it brought enormous economic benefits, amassed enormous wealth for the Elizabeth government, not only eased the financial constraints at that time, but also promoted the prosperity of the domestic economy, promoted the development of the city, and stabilized the domestic situation. For the industrial revolution after the accumulation of a certain amount of primitive capital. In the military, it strengthened the British maritime power, and with the Royal Navy won the Spanish War, strategic significance. At the same time, the first step in the establishment of the colony, but also the development of shipbuilding and shipping industry. But there are also negative aspects of privately-skimming, especially the corruption of British government officials and the decline in the prestige of the law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.4
本文编号：2292552
[Abstract]:Private skimming refers to the authorization of one of the hostile States, during a war, to the owner or intermediary of the ship to intercept at sea the vessels of other countries and to rob the goods on board, and to commit atrocities against the sailors and passengers on board. Or attack the colonial ports of rival countries and burn and loot. Its essence is authorized by the government, targeted piracy. But it is different from ordinary piracy. The rise of privately-skimming in England under the circumstances of internal and external troubles in Elizabeth period is both a political and a social phenomenon. In privateering, the composition of the people is very complex, because of its special background, this activity almost became the "national movement", Queen Elizabeth, the government, officials, traders, aristocrats, Businessmen and poor people joined the campaign. With the development and change of the political situation, its scale and quantity also develop unceasingly. Although British privateer ship activity is a supplementary form of war and a collateral derivative of war, it played a significant historical role in the special period of Elizabeth I, under the catalysis of specific historical environment. First, British privateering was part of the anti-hegemony struggle, which accelerated the decline of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the change of European power. Secondly, it brought enormous economic benefits, amassed enormous wealth for the Elizabeth government, not only eased the financial constraints at that time, but also promoted the prosperity of the domestic economy, promoted the development of the city, and stabilized the domestic situation. For the industrial revolution after the accumulation of a certain amount of primitive capital. In the military, it strengthened the British maritime power, and with the Royal Navy won the Spanish War, strategic significance. At the same time, the first step in the establishment of the colony, but also the development of shipbuilding and shipping industry. But there are also negative aspects of privately-skimming, especially the corruption of British government officials and the decline in the prestige of the law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 夏继果;德雷克的环球航行与伊丽莎白外交[J];历史教学问题;1998年03期
本文编号：2292552
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