19世纪末20世纪初外国资本对俄国石油工业的影响

发布时间：2018-10-29 14:11

【摘要】：石油工业对任何一个国家而言，都是关系国民经济发展、具有重要战略意义的产业。俄国地域广袤，是一个资源丰富的国家。其最著名的石油产区当属位于阿塞拜疆的巴库地区。因这一地区独特的历史和地理条件，以及俄国初期的相关政策，巴库地区的石油业直到19世纪晚期才得以充分发展起来。期间，外国资本如诺贝尔石油公司、罗斯柴尔德家族、皇家荷兰壳牌集团成为推动巴库石油工业发展的三支重要力量，它们以不同的方式进入到俄国石油工业。19世纪末20世纪初，巴库石油工业发展到全新的阶段，在财政大臣维特的努力下，在俄国新的关税政策下，在短时间内，巴库石油工业发展迅速，最终成为俄国国民经济的基础产业。而外国资本通过对俄国石油工业的投资，在获得高利润的同时，也深刻地影响了俄国的发展，甚至于左右了俄国在第一次世界大战中的立场。本文的第一部分是绪论，主要介绍了19世纪末20世纪初俄国石油工业中外国资本问题的研究现状。第二部分是本文的正文。第一章主要叙述了俄国石油工业外资垄断的形成原因，，谈到了俄国特殊的关税政策，以及大臣维特为吸引外资所做的种种努力。第二章以巴库地区为例，介绍外资垄断俄国石油工业的过程与特征。着重阐述了诺贝尔兄弟石油公司、罗斯柴尔德家族、皇家荷兰壳牌集团是如何进入俄国石油工业以及对俄国石油工业发展产生的影响。第三章主要论述了俄国石油垄断组织的发展，以及俄国“石油荒”的产生。第四章对外资进入俄国石油工业及其影响进行了评价。第三部分是结语部分。中国应该以俄国石油工业的发展过程为借鉴，在利用外资的时候，坚持独立自主，自力更生的原则。更好的发展本国经济。
[Abstract]:For any country, petroleum industry is an industry of important strategic significance, which is related to the development of national economy. Russia is a country with vast territory and abundant resources. Its most famous oil-producing region should be in the Baku region of Azerbaijan. Due to the unique historical and geographical conditions of the region and the early Russian policies, the oil industry in Baku was not fully developed until the late 19th century. During the period, foreign capital such as the Nobel Oil Company, the Rothschild family and the Royal Dutch Shell Group became three important forces in promoting the development of Baku's oil industry. They entered the Russian oil industry in different ways. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Baku oil industry developed to a new stage, with the efforts of Chancellor of the Exchequer Victor, under the new Russian tariff policy, in a short period of time, Baku oil industry developed rapidly and eventually became the basic industry of Russian national economy. By investing in the Russian oil industry, foreign capital made a high profit, but also profoundly affected the development of Russia, and even influenced Russia's position in the first World War. The first part of this paper is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research status of foreign capital in Russian oil industry in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The second part is the text of this paper. The first chapter mainly describes the reasons for the formation of foreign investment monopoly in Russian oil industry, and discusses the special tariff policy of Russia and the efforts made by Minister Victor to attract foreign capital. The second chapter takes Baku area as an example to introduce the process and characteristics of foreign monopoly on Russian petroleum industry. How the Nobel Brothers Oil Company Rothschild and the Royal Dutch Shell Group entered the Russian oil industry and its influence on the development of the Russian oil industry were expounded. The third chapter mainly discusses the development of Russian petroleum monopoly organization and the emergence of Russian oil shortage. The fourth chapter evaluates the foreign capital entering Russian petroleum industry and its influence. The third part is the conclusion. China should draw lessons from the development process of Russian petroleum industry and adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance in utilizing foreign capital. Better develop the national economy.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F416.22;K512

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