试析公元前六世纪雅典政治变革中的宗教因素

发布时间：2018-11-06 07:32

【摘要】： 本文主要探讨的是关于公元前六世纪雅典政治变革中宗教因素的具体表现及其对政治的影响。在古希腊,政教未分,政治与宗教以其独特的方式互相融合,互为渗透。因此,要理解公元前六世纪的雅典政治就必须把握这一特殊的社会文化体系,深入挖掘城邦政治生活中所夹杂的宗教因素的诸多形态及其社会功用。通过对这些宗教因素的复原,我们才能更好地理解这一时期的政治变革和处于这些变革中心的政治家的行为。本文要集中解决的问题有两个:一、政治家利用的宗教因素有哪些,它的哪些特性使其可以被利用,及如何发挥作用;二、政治家利用宗教因素作为政治手段的目标是什么。本文的结构如下: 导言部分主要介绍了与该主题研究密切相关的国内外研究状况及本文的研究方法,同时简要谈到了本文力求解决的一些主要问题。第一章是对梭伦改革中的宗教因素的分析,展现了从梭伦上台到改革前的民众心态再到其改革成果即法律所受到的宗教因素的影响,据此本章认为梭伦因对“王”的观念、涤罪仪式和节日仪式传统等宗教因素的沿袭和利用有力地推动了改革进程,暂缓了该时期城邦的内部矛盾。第二章通过对“庇西特拉图归来”这一以政治为目的的仪式化事件的解读,提出庇氏是借助泛雅典娜节这一节日仪式使其重得雅典僭主的行为合法化,从而登上了权力高峰。此外,该章也展示了神话对希腊人现实生活的影响。第三章着重分析宗教因素作为政治手段在现实利用中所展露出来的矛盾。该章认为在“希庇亚斯倒台”事件中交织着对泛雅典娜节和德尔斐的虔诚和亵渎,在克利斯提尼改革措施中,也同时存在着对宗教利用的原有目的和现实后果,和政治方案的使用目的之间的矛盾;而这些矛盾一方面说明政治家在宗教态度上发生的变化,另一方面也表明他们已把宗教当成了一种弄权的手段。最后在余论部分,作者进一步提出:一、公元前六世纪雅典的政治家利用宗教因素等各种手段的目的是调整自己与平民,与贵族的关系,从而形成有利于政治家实现政治目标的邦内形势:二、宗教因素在提升雅典城的中心地位的过程中具有不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the manifestation of religious factors in the political transformation of Athens in the sixth century BC and its influence on politics. In ancient Greece, politics and religion mingled and permeated each other in their unique way. Therefore, in order to understand the politics of Athens in the sixth century BC, we must grasp this special social and cultural system, and dig deeply into the various forms and social functions of the religious factors in the political life of the city-states. Through the restoration of these religious factors, we can better understand the political changes of this period and the behavior of the politicians at the center of these changes. There are two problems to be solved in this paper: first, what are the religious factors used by politicians, what are their characteristics so that they can be used, and how to play their role; second, what is the goal of politicians to use religious factors as political means. The structure of this paper is as follows: the introduction mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research situation and the research methods of this paper which are closely related to the research on this subject. At the same time, it briefly discusses some main problems that this paper tries to solve. The first chapter is an analysis of the religious factors in Solon's reform, showing the influence of the popular mentality from Solon's coming to power before the reform to the result of his reform, that is, the religious factors that the law is subjected to. Based on this, the author thinks that Solon's concept of "king". The inheritance and utilization of religious factors, such as the ritual of purging crime and the tradition of festival ceremony, pushed forward the reform process and postponed the internal contradictions of the city-states in that period. In the second chapter, through the interpretation of the ritualized event of "return of Pizithrato", the author points out that Perez legalized his act of regaining the Athenian tyrant by means of the festival ceremony of Pan-Athena 's Day, and thus reached the peak of power. In addition, the chapter also shows the impact of mythology on the real life of the Greeks. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of religious factors as a political means in the actual use of contradictions. The chapter argues that in the event of the fall of Hipias there was a mixture of piety and desecration of Pan-Athena and Delphi, and in the Kristini reform measures, there were at the same time the original purpose and practical consequences of the use of religion. The contradiction between the purpose of the use of the political programme; These contradictions, on the one hand, indicate that politicians have changed their attitude towards religion, and on the other, that they have used religion as a means of exercising power. Finally, in the conclusion, the author puts forward the following: first, the politicians of Athens in the sixth century BC used various means such as religious factors to adjust their relationship with the common people and the nobility. Therefore, the state situation is favorable for politicians to achieve their political goals. Second, religious factors play an irreplaceable role in the process of promoting the central position of Athens City.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K125

【参考文献】