英国与英布战争（1899-1902）

发布时间：2018-11-09 11:51

【摘要】：1899—1902年的英布战争是英国人和布尔人为争夺南非领和资源而进行的一场战争。本文试图从世纪之交英国所处的国内外背景入手,分析英国在英布战争爆发前和战时的外交,并初步探究这次战争对英国所产生的影响。全文共分四章：第一章从英布战争发生的大背景切入,即英国所处的国内外形势,进而探讨英国参战的原因。英布战争发生于19—20世纪之交,当时英国的实力正处于相对下降、由盛转衰的时候,欧洲已形成两大势力对峙的局面。英国的参战既有战略上的考虑,又有政治、经济方面的缘由,德国的干涉和南非地区民族主义的发展也对战争的爆发起了催化的作用。第二章主要分析英布双方的矛盾冲突,以及英国在战前所面临的形势和应对措施。英布冲突由来已久,19世纪中后期南非钻石矿和金矿的发现使双方的矛盾尖锐化,1895年詹姆森袭击事件后英布多年以来的积怨像火山般爆发出来。此后,双方认识到战争不可避免,并开始备战。1899年5—6月的布隆方丹会谈的失败使得局势急剧紧张,战争一触即发。第三章阐述了英布战争的全面爆发和战时的英国外交。英布双方的矛盾无法调和,导致了战争的爆发。由于其他国家一直觊觎英国拥有的广大殖民地,英布战争期间各国的外交活动空前活跃,对战争的干涉从未间断。列强利用英国的困境,都或多或少地为自己谋取到了新的利益。兰斯多恩接替索尔兹伯里任外交大臣后,为了扭转英国所处的军事和外交困境,逐渐走上了外交结盟的道路。第四章主要论述的是英布战争的结束及战争对英国产生的影响。英国在付出高昂的代价后,终于结束了战争。这次战争对日后英国的发展产生了重大的影响。战争暴露了英国各方面的弱点,战后政府着手从殖民地安全、内政、帝国防御能力和外交等方面进行了调整和改革,推动了英国社会的发展。
[Abstract]:The 1899-1902 British-Brazilian War was a battle between the British and the Boers for South Africa's leadership and resources. This paper attempts to analyze the British diplomacy before and during the war at the turn of the century from the background at home and abroad at the turn of the century and to explore the influence of the war on Britain. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is from the background of the British-Brazilian-British War, that is, the situation at home and abroad, and then discusses the causes of Britain's participation in the war. At the turn of the 19th-20th century, when Britain's power was in relative decline, Europe had become a stand-off between the two powers. Britain's participation in the war had not only strategic considerations, but also political and economic reasons. The German intervention and the development of South African nationalism also played a catalytic role in the outbreak of the war. The second chapter mainly analyzes the conflict between Britain and Brazil, and the situation and countermeasures faced by Britain before the war. The conflict between England and Burundi has a long history. The discovery of diamond mines and gold mines in South Africa in the late 19th century sharpened the conflict between the two sides, and years of resentment erupted like volcanoes after Jameson's attack in 1895. Since then, the two sides realized that war was inevitable and began to prepare for it. The failure of the Bloemfontein talks in May and June 1899 made the situation acute and the war imminent. The third chapter expounds the full-scale outbreak of the British War and British diplomacy during the war. The irreconcilable conflict between the British and Brazilians led to the outbreak of war. Because other countries have been coveting the vast colonies of Britain, diplomatic activities and interference in the war between Britain and Burundi were unprecedented. Taking advantage of Britain's plight, the powers more or less sought new benefits for themselves. After replacing Salisbury as foreign secretary, Lance Dorne gradually embarked on a diplomatic alliance to reverse Britain's military and diplomatic difficulties. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the end of the British War and the impact of the war on Britain. After paying a high price, Britain finally put an end to the war. The war had a great impact on the future development of Britain. The war exposed the weaknesses in all aspects of Britain. The post-war government began to adjust and reform the colonial security, internal affairs, imperial defense and diplomacy, which promoted the development of the British society.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561

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