中世纪英格兰行会职能研究（1100-1400）
发布时间：2018-11-22 19:56
【摘要】：中世纪初期以来,农业的进步、手工业和商业的发展带来的社会生产力的提高推动了城市的复兴。城市的兴起,为行会的出现和发展奠定了基础。行会是城市生活的基本组织,在中世纪英国城市的经济、政治以及社会生活等方面发挥了重要作用。在经济上,行会的职能主要表现在控制入会人员,包括入会时对成员的身份、地域和行业限制,以及成员的晋升限制。在商业活动中的管辖包括规定商品售卖的时间、地点、价格等。此外,行会的经济作用还表现在对手工业生产的质量和生产规模的控制。政治上,行会的作用主要是行会成员能够成为市政官员,有时甚至是市长,从而参与市政管理。行会还能够组建自己的法庭,处理并决定行会内部以及与本行会相关的各种事宜,并构成城市法庭的一部分。社会生活中,行会的职能主要表现在行会对基督教圣人的信仰和纪念。行会还承担举办城市各式庆典,其中游行和盛宴是最引人瞩目的部分。除此以外,开展社会慈善与救济也是行会进行的一项重要社会活动,构成了中世纪英国慈善救济的组成部分。总之,行会在中世纪英国城市生活中发挥了重要作用。尽管行会有其专制与垄断的一面,但从整体上看,行会在中世纪更多的是带来了积极作用,并且为中世纪晚期的城市转型奠定了基础,是英国现代化起源的历史基石。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the Middle Ages, the progress of agriculture and the development of handicraft and commerce have promoted the revival of cities. The rise of cities laid the foundation for the emergence and development of guilds. Guild is the basic organization of urban life and plays an important role in the economy, politics and social life of medieval English cities. Economically, the functions of the guild are mainly to control the membership, including membership status, geographical and industry restrictions, and membership promotion restrictions. Jurisdiction in business activities includes specifying the time, place, price, etc., of the sale of the goods. In addition, the economic role of guilds also manifests in the control of the quality and scale of handicraft production. Politically, the role of guilds is that their members can become municipal officials, sometimes mayors, and thus participate in municipal management. The guild is also able to form its own courts, handle and decide on various matters within the guild and in connection with the guild, and form part of the city court. In the social life, the guild's function mainly manifests in the guild's faith and the memorial to the Christian saints. The guild also hosts city celebrations, of which parades and feasts are the most visible. In addition, the development of social charity and relief is also an important social activity of the guild, which formed part of the medieval British charitable relief. In short, guilds played an important role in medieval English urban life. Although guilds have their autocratic and monopolistic aspects, on the whole, guilds brought positive effects in the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation for the urban transformation in the late Middle Ages, which is the historical cornerstone of the origin of British modernization.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.3
本文编号：2350391
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the Middle Ages, the progress of agriculture and the development of handicraft and commerce have promoted the revival of cities. The rise of cities laid the foundation for the emergence and development of guilds. Guild is the basic organization of urban life and plays an important role in the economy, politics and social life of medieval English cities. Economically, the functions of the guild are mainly to control the membership, including membership status, geographical and industry restrictions, and membership promotion restrictions. Jurisdiction in business activities includes specifying the time, place, price, etc., of the sale of the goods. In addition, the economic role of guilds also manifests in the control of the quality and scale of handicraft production. Politically, the role of guilds is that their members can become municipal officials, sometimes mayors, and thus participate in municipal management. The guild is also able to form its own courts, handle and decide on various matters within the guild and in connection with the guild, and form part of the city court. In the social life, the guild's function mainly manifests in the guild's faith and the memorial to the Christian saints. The guild also hosts city celebrations, of which parades and feasts are the most visible. In addition, the development of social charity and relief is also an important social activity of the guild, which formed part of the medieval British charitable relief. In short, guilds played an important role in medieval English urban life. Although guilds have their autocratic and monopolistic aspects, on the whole, guilds brought positive effects in the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation for the urban transformation in the late Middle Ages, which is the historical cornerstone of the origin of British modernization.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.3
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