20世纪30年代苏联对西班牙第二共和国的政策研究
发布时间：2018-11-25 10:11
【摘要】：从国际关系理论的角度分析,20世纪30年代,苏联的主要外交目标是为解决其安全困境,建立欧洲集体安全体系而进行均势外交,以应对不断增长的法西斯威胁。而西班牙第二共和国的成立,则为苏联实现该目标提供了一种途径。西班牙内战爆发后,面对英法的不干涉态度和德意的强势介入,为获取经济利益和地缘政治利益,苏联决定援助第二共和国。然而,苏联介入西班牙内战,一定程度上与构建集体安全产生矛盾,为平衡这种矛盾所做的努力,不可避免的体现在其对共和国的具体政策中。 苏联对第二共和国的政策一直保持谨慎、适度和务实的姿态。外交政策始终随着时局的变化适时调整,政策的执行也由苏联和共产国际共同完成。苏联的援助确实对维系共和国的存在产生了重要作用。然而,随着法西斯势力的进一步扩张和自身安全形势的日益恶化,苏联为规避更多的风险,不愿意继续对共和国进行政治投资,对共和国的援助力度随着时间的推移不断减少。英法的绥靖行为和祸水东引的企图最终使苏联逐步放弃追求集体安全的构想,转而与德国接触以获得安全保障。从本质上看,苏联的介入行为可理解为一场政治博弈,但结果与预期有一定的差距。苏联有限的实力与较高的政治规划间的矛盾,是上述现象的主要原因。 本文正文大体分为四个部分。第一部分主要讲述内战前苏联对西班牙第二共和国的外交政策。重点回顾苏联前期的外交特点,以及苏联和共产国际针对共和国的外交努力；第二部分侧重分析内战前后苏联的反应与参战动机,共和国的外交选择,综合多种因素阐明苏联干涉的原因；第三部分着重介绍苏联援助的内容和影响；第四部分主要阐明苏联对内战期间两届共和国政府的态度,分析苏联对其政策的发展脉络,解释政策转变的原因。结语部分总结苏联对西班牙第二共和国外交政策的实质与斯大林的外交性格。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of international relations theory, the Soviet Union's main diplomatic goal in 1930s was to solve its security dilemma and establish a European collective security system to deal with the growing threat of fascism. The establishment of the second Spanish republic provided a way for the Soviet Union to achieve that goal. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union decided to assist the second Republic in the face of the non-interference attitude of Britain and France and the strong intervention of Germany and Italy. However, the Soviet Union's intervention in the Spanish Civil War, to some extent, had contradictions with the construction of collective security, and the efforts to balance this contradiction were inevitably reflected in its specific policy towards the Republic. Soviet policy towards the second Republic has been cautious, modest and pragmatic. Foreign policy has always been adjusted with the changes in the current situation, and the implementation of the policy was completed by the Soviet Union and the Comintern. Soviet aid did play an important role in maintaining the Republic's existence. However, with the further expansion of fascist forces and the worsening of their own security situation, in order to avoid more risks, the Soviet Union was unwilling to continue to make political investment in the Republic, and the aid to the Republic continued to decrease with the passage of time. The appeasement of Britain and France and the attempt of mischief led the Soviet Union gradually to abandon the concept of collective security and to contact Germany in order to secure security. In essence, the intervention of the Soviet Union can be understood as a political game, but the result is far from expected. The contradiction between the limited strength of the Soviet Union and higher political planning is the main reason for this phenomenon. The text of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly describes the foreign policy of the former Soviet Union to the second Republic of Spain. The diplomatic characteristics of the former Soviet Union and the diplomatic efforts of the Soviet Union and the Communist International against the Republic are emphatically reviewed. The second part focuses on the analysis of Soviet Union's reaction and motive before and after the civil war, the Republic's diplomatic choice, and the explanation of the causes of Soviet intervention, the third part mainly introduces the content and influence of Soviet Union's aid. The fourth part mainly expounds the Soviet Union's attitude towards the two Republican governments during the civil war, analyzes the development of Soviet policy, and explains the reasons for the policy change. The conclusion part summarizes the essence of the Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the second Republic of Spain and Stalin's diplomatic character.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512.5;K551
本文编号：2355724
[Abstract]:From the point of view of international relations theory, the Soviet Union's main diplomatic goal in 1930s was to solve its security dilemma and establish a European collective security system to deal with the growing threat of fascism. The establishment of the second Spanish republic provided a way for the Soviet Union to achieve that goal. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union decided to assist the second Republic in the face of the non-interference attitude of Britain and France and the strong intervention of Germany and Italy. However, the Soviet Union's intervention in the Spanish Civil War, to some extent, had contradictions with the construction of collective security, and the efforts to balance this contradiction were inevitably reflected in its specific policy towards the Republic. Soviet policy towards the second Republic has been cautious, modest and pragmatic. Foreign policy has always been adjusted with the changes in the current situation, and the implementation of the policy was completed by the Soviet Union and the Comintern. Soviet aid did play an important role in maintaining the Republic's existence. However, with the further expansion of fascist forces and the worsening of their own security situation, in order to avoid more risks, the Soviet Union was unwilling to continue to make political investment in the Republic, and the aid to the Republic continued to decrease with the passage of time. The appeasement of Britain and France and the attempt of mischief led the Soviet Union gradually to abandon the concept of collective security and to contact Germany in order to secure security. In essence, the intervention of the Soviet Union can be understood as a political game, but the result is far from expected. The contradiction between the limited strength of the Soviet Union and higher political planning is the main reason for this phenomenon. The text of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly describes the foreign policy of the former Soviet Union to the second Republic of Spain. The diplomatic characteristics of the former Soviet Union and the diplomatic efforts of the Soviet Union and the Communist International against the Republic are emphatically reviewed. The second part focuses on the analysis of Soviet Union's reaction and motive before and after the civil war, the Republic's diplomatic choice, and the explanation of the causes of Soviet intervention, the third part mainly introduces the content and influence of Soviet Union's aid. The fourth part mainly expounds the Soviet Union's attitude towards the two Republican governments during the civil war, analyzes the development of Soviet policy, and explains the reasons for the policy change. The conclusion part summarizes the essence of the Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the second Republic of Spain and Stalin's diplomatic character.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K512.5;K551
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