论古代埃及新王国时期的法

发布时间：2018-11-27 08:30

【摘要】：古埃及演绎着千年的辉煌文明,朝代更迭井然,社会秩序井井有条。令人惊叹的是,这种稳定的社会秩序似乎是在缺少法律的制约下完成的,其主要原因是古埃及的成文法典从未现世,故使古代埃及的法被蒙上一层神秘的面纱。国内学者对此问题的研究鲜有专著,浅尝辄止,国外学者虽有涉及但观点不一。本文旨在以新王国时期大量原始文献为依托,从中剖析古代埃及法的概念,探索其发展的阶段性形态——不成文法,并以其具备较为健全的司法机构和完整的诉讼流程为其客观存在的论据,最后,总结分析古代埃及法的本质及特点。阐述古代埃及法的概念,不同学者对古代埃及法的概念及立法者的问题上存在着诸多争议,如古代埃及的法是“一部道德法典”等,笔者对此给予否定。道德不等同于法,也不等于法的存在。从词源学上看,埃及语中法的不同含义,在一定程度上也反映出古代埃及法的深邃内涵。宗教上,《亡灵书》中所体现出的宗教法学形态在一定程度上也反映出古代埃及人的法学思想,从中以间接的思想形态折射出古代埃及法的客观存在性。根据大量的原始文献,本文从中梳理出古代埃及法的三种形式:王室敕令、判例法和国际法。古代埃及的法是客观存在的,因为它具备法存在的承载体:即间接承载体——警察和直接承载体——司法机构,其中司法机构主要包括中央法庭、地方法庭和特殊法庭。古代埃及的法在具备较为成熟的司法机构同时,也具备较为健全合理的司法诉讼流程,即上诉、逮捕、羁押、审理和判决五大环节。客观存在的古代埃及法,也包含着深刻作用与特征。综上所述,古代埃及的法是客观存在的,它以不成文法的形式而存在。
[Abstract]:Ancient Egypt is deducing a thousand years of brilliant civilization, dynasties change well, social order is in order. Amazingly, this stable social order seems to have been completed without the restriction of law, the main reason is that the written code of ancient Egypt never came into being, so the law of ancient Egypt was covered with a mysterious veil. Domestic scholars have few monographs on this issue, but foreign scholars have different views. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of ancient Egyptian law based on a large number of original documents in the New Kingdom period, and to explore the stage form of its development, that is, unwritten law. Finally, the essence and characteristics of ancient Egyptian law are summarized and analyzed. This paper expounds the concept of ancient Egyptian law, and there are many controversies between different scholars on the concept of ancient Egyptian law and on the issue of legislator, for example, the law of ancient Egypt is a "code of morality", which is denied by the author. Morality is not equal to law, nor is it equal to the existence of law. In terms of etymology, the different meanings of law in Egyptian language also reflect the profound connotation of ancient Egyptian law to some extent. In religion, the form of religious jurisprudence embodied in the Book of the Dead reflects to a certain extent the legal thought of ancient Egyptians, from which the objective existence of ancient Egyptian law is reflected by indirect thought-form. According to a large number of original documents, this paper sorts out three forms of ancient Egyptian law: Royal decree, case law and international law. The law of ancient Egypt is objective, because it has the carrier of legal existence: the indirect carrier-the police and the direct carrier-the judiciary, which mainly includes the central court, the local court and the special court. The law of ancient Egypt not only has more mature judicial institutions, but also has a more sound and reasonable judicial procedure, namely appeal, arrest, custody, trial and judgment. The objective existence of ancient Egyptian law also contains profound functions and characteristics. To sum up, ancient Egyptian law is objective, it exists in the form of unwritten law.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K411

【共引文献】