1952-1956年英国对埃及政策及实践

发布时间：2018-12-13 13:56

【摘要】： 殖民统治时期,英国视埃及为重要的组成部分,对埃及实施强硬的殖民主义政策。二战后,随着国力日渐衰落,以及埃及人民反对英国统治的斗争日趋激烈,英国不断寻求调整埃及政策,以适应形势。特别是在1952年埃及发生“七?二三”革命之后,直到1956年10月苏伊士战争前,短短4年多的时间里,英国的埃及政策发生了几次重大的调整。本文便以这几次重大调整为主线,通过对英国埃及政策的研究,解读推动英国外交活动的背后动因。本文分为四部分: 第一部分追述了英国的埃及政策。笔者简述了从二战到埃及“七?二三”革命前这段时期内,英国历届政府对埃政策的演变,及影响两国关系重大事件。第二部分论述了1952年埃及“七?二三”革命后,英国对埃及采取暧昧政策的原因和过程。1954年英埃运河协定的签署,是战后英埃两国关系的一个分水岭,也是英国对埃政策的分水岭之一。该部分详细论述了英国埃及政策的调整原因,分析了英国新政策的出台过程及影响。第三部分是本文的重点,笔者对英国对埃及的新政策——“软控制”政策进行了详尽的分析,总结了英国“软控制”失败的原因。英国的“软控制”政策,在实际操作中屡遭尴尬,最后以失败告终,这直接导致了苏伊士危机的爆发。第四部分论述了苏伊士危机时,英国根据内外形势采取的双轨政策。通过对英国双轨政策的分析,揭示了英国在中东地区的核心利益。综上我们不难看出,在冷战初期英国对外政策的动力包括两点:一是维护其传统利益,二是维护其冷战利益。以上两种利益的的交织在一起,是决定英国政策走向的主要因素。
[Abstract]:During the colonial period, Britain regarded Egypt as an important component and implemented a strong colonial policy against Egypt. After World War II, with the decline of national strength and the increasingly fierce struggle of the Egyptian people against British rule, Britain constantly sought to adjust its Egyptian policy to the situation. Especially in 1952 in Egypt, "Seven?" After the revolution, until October 1956, before the Suez War, in a short period of more than four years, Britain's Egyptian policy had undergone several major adjustments. In this paper, the main line of these major adjustments, through the study of British Egyptian policy, to understand the driving force behind the British diplomatic activities. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part describes the British Egyptian policy. From World War II to Egypt, the author briefly described the "Seven"? During the period before the revolution, the evolution of the British government's policy towards Egypt and the important events affecting the relations between the two countries. The second part discusses Egypt's "Seven" in 1952? After the "23" Revolution, the cause and process of Britain's ambiguous policy towards Egypt. The signing of the 1954 Anglo-Egyptian Canal Agreement was a watershed in the relations between Britain and Egypt after the war, and it was also one of the watersheds of Britain's policy towards Egypt. This part discusses in detail the reasons for the adjustment of the British Egyptian policy, and analyzes the process and influence of the new British policy. The third part is the focus of this paper. The author makes a detailed analysis of the new policy of "soft control" of Britain to Egypt, and sums up the reasons for the failure of "soft control" in Britain. The "soft control" policy of Britain was repeatedly embarrassed in practice and ended in failure, which directly led to the outbreak of the Suez crisis. The fourth part discusses the two-track policies adopted by Britain according to the internal and external situation during the Suez crisis. Through the analysis of British dual-track policy, it reveals the core interests of Britain in the Middle East. It is not difficult to see that the motive force of British foreign policy at the beginning of the Cold War included two aspects: one was to safeguard its traditional interests and the other was to safeguard its Cold War interests. The combination of these two interests is the main factor determining the direction of British policy.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K411;K561.5

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