罗马共和至帝制初期军团研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 08:26
【摘要】： 罗马军团可以广义地理解为整个古罗马军队,或者狭义地理解为古罗马军队中的步兵军团,而步兵是整个罗马共和时期和罗马帝国时期军团的主要组成部分。海军在罗马军团的历史上一直不受重视,直到奥古斯都时期,罗马才建立了正规的海军。相对于步兵军团,其他的兵种不论在人数上还是在作用上都显得不那么重要。在共和时期,步兵主要来源自公民,除非在特别危机的关头,否则需要符合塞尔维乌斯改革所确立的财产等级者才有资格入伍。每个公民在他的一生中某一时段都要参加军事训练,并随时准备被征召。遇到有战事时会征召部队,战事结束后部队即被解散。根据各种文献的记载,罗马共和国早期的一个标准罗马军团的兵力包含4000到4200名步兵,特别危机的时刻,会征召5000名步兵。而共和国末期到帝国时期的军团则包含5000到6200名步兵。 相对于罗马军团中的步兵,骑兵只是少量配置在罗马军团中。从共和早期起,标准的配置是每个军团300骑兵,这一数字一直没有大的变化。从罗马共和国到罗马帝国,罗马所取得的无数军事胜利,主要都是由步兵军团所赢得,罗马军事上的诸多优势和特点也都体现在步兵军团上。 在连绵不断的战争中,罗马军团学习吸收了其敌人的优势并发展出了自己的组织结构,即著名的中队军团的组织结构。武器也以投枪和用于刺杀的短剑为主,配合以椭圆型大盾,完善和加强了罗马步兵的单兵作战能力,这些方面结合起来,大大加强了罗马军团的战力。此外,罗马军团有着严格的军事制度,在外行军作战,即使只过一夜也必须修建完整的宿营地与工事。并且有严格的军纪和奖励制度,违反作战和宿营纪律及制度者将受到严厉的处罚,而对有军功者也有其独特的荣誉奖励方式。 至布匿战争之后共和早期的军事制度已经衰败,此后马略将不符合财产资格的无产者列入征兵名单,这些无地士兵的利益与军团将军联系起来,最终导致了罗马军团的职业化。罗马军团成为了有着编号、名称等一切职业化特征的常备军。 总之,罗马军团和其军事制度在当时的地中海世界无疑是非常先进和独特的,虽然也不时遭遇过失败,但是罗马人的韧性和其制度上的优势,使其总是能最终击败对手,对罗马的崛起起到了巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:The Roman Legion can be understood broadly as the whole Roman army or as the infantry regiment in the Roman Army which is the main part of the whole Roman Republic and Roman Empire. The Navy was neglected in the history of the Roman Legion, and it was not until Augustus that Rome established a proper navy. The other arms are less important in number and function than infantry. In the Republican era, infantry came mainly from citizens, and only those who met the property class established by the Serbian Reformation were eligible for military service unless in a special crisis. Every citizen takes part in military training at some point in his life and is ready to be conscripted. When there is war, troops are called up and disbanded at the end of the battle. According to various documents, a standard Roman army in the early Roman Republic consisted of 4000 to 4200 infantry, with 5000 infantry in special times of crisis. The legions from the end of the Republic to the Empire consisted of 5000 to 6200 infantry. Cavalry is only a small part of the Roman Legion relative to the infantry in the Roman Legion. Since the early Republican era, the standard allocation was 300 cavalry per regiment, a number that has remained unchanged. From the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, Rome won numerous military victories mainly by the infantry legions, and many of the advantages and characteristics of the Roman military were also reflected in the infantry legions. In the continuous wars, the Roman Legion learned to absorb the advantages of its enemies and developed its own organizational structure, that is, the famous Middle Legion. The weapon is also used to shoot and kill the short sword, with the elliptical shield, to improve and strengthen the Roman infantry single combat ability, these aspects combined, greatly enhanced the Roman legion's combat power. In addition, the Roman legions had a strict military system, marching outside, and had to build complete camps and fortifications overnight. And there are strict military discipline and reward system. Those who violate the discipline and system of combat and camping will be severely punished. By the time the early Republican military system collapsed after the Punic War, Marlowe had conscripted the unqualified proletarians, the interests of the landless soldiers associated with the army generals, and eventually led to the professionalization of the Roman Legion. The Roman Legion became a standing army with all the professional characteristics of numbers, names, etc. In short, the Roman Legion and its military system were undoubtedly very advanced and unique in the Mediterranean world at that time, and although they had suffered occasional failures, the resilience and institutional superiority of the Romans always enabled them to defeat their opponents at last. It played a huge role in the rise of Rome.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K126
本文编号：2378286
[Abstract]:The Roman Legion can be understood broadly as the whole Roman army or as the infantry regiment in the Roman Army which is the main part of the whole Roman Republic and Roman Empire. The Navy was neglected in the history of the Roman Legion, and it was not until Augustus that Rome established a proper navy. The other arms are less important in number and function than infantry. In the Republican era, infantry came mainly from citizens, and only those who met the property class established by the Serbian Reformation were eligible for military service unless in a special crisis. Every citizen takes part in military training at some point in his life and is ready to be conscripted. When there is war, troops are called up and disbanded at the end of the battle. According to various documents, a standard Roman army in the early Roman Republic consisted of 4000 to 4200 infantry, with 5000 infantry in special times of crisis. The legions from the end of the Republic to the Empire consisted of 5000 to 6200 infantry. Cavalry is only a small part of the Roman Legion relative to the infantry in the Roman Legion. Since the early Republican era, the standard allocation was 300 cavalry per regiment, a number that has remained unchanged. From the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, Rome won numerous military victories mainly by the infantry legions, and many of the advantages and characteristics of the Roman military were also reflected in the infantry legions. In the continuous wars, the Roman Legion learned to absorb the advantages of its enemies and developed its own organizational structure, that is, the famous Middle Legion. The weapon is also used to shoot and kill the short sword, with the elliptical shield, to improve and strengthen the Roman infantry single combat ability, these aspects combined, greatly enhanced the Roman legion's combat power. In addition, the Roman legions had a strict military system, marching outside, and had to build complete camps and fortifications overnight. And there are strict military discipline and reward system. Those who violate the discipline and system of combat and camping will be severely punished. By the time the early Republican military system collapsed after the Punic War, Marlowe had conscripted the unqualified proletarians, the interests of the landless soldiers associated with the army generals, and eventually led to the professionalization of the Roman Legion. The Roman Legion became a standing army with all the professional characteristics of numbers, names, etc. In short, the Roman Legion and its military system were undoubtedly very advanced and unique in the Mediterranean world at that time, and although they had suffered occasional failures, the resilience and institutional superiority of the Romans always enabled them to defeat their opponents at last. It played a huge role in the rise of Rome.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K126
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 鲁东升;试论共和时期罗马骑兵的作用[D];东北师范大学;2010年
，本文编号：2378286
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2378286.html
最近更新
教材专著
