两次世界大战之间的波德关系研究（1918-1939）

发布时间：2018-12-17 13:20

【摘要】：一战的爆发,德奥的战败,为波兰的复国提供了前景。战后,在协约国的扶植下,亡国百年的波兰终于得以复国。20世纪20年代的波兰,为了维护得之不易的领土和边界,在受到德苏两大邻国的钳制下,选择了对法国“一边倒”,对德国实行对抗的外交政策。20世纪20年代后期,随着欧洲大国地位的恢复,德国对波兰的领土和边界的要求越来越强烈；在法德和解的氛围下,波兰一改20世纪20年代前半期的做法,对德国实行中立的外交政策。20世纪30年代世界经济危机的爆发,资本主义国家矛盾的加剧,法西斯的上台,法国对波兰义务的日益摆脱,这一系列因素促使波兰调整对外政策,抛弃欧洲集体安全体系,对德苏实行“等距离”外交政策。研究两战之间的波德关系可以为探索二战爆发的原因提供重要线索。由于地处德苏之间,这一独特的地缘政治环境,使波兰这个小国和弱国在两战之间各大国的博弈中发挥着虽不是主导,但又不容小觑的作用。纵观两战之间的波德关系,波兰在这场政治游戏中,始终错估形势,没有找到一种切实有效的对德政策。而德国的对外目标明确,主次分明,针对不同状况、不同需求调整对波兰的政策,把波兰玩弄于股掌之中,一旦波兰的利用价值完毕,德国立刻撕下伪善的面目,毫不留情地用战争摧毁波兰。
[Abstract]:The outbreak of World War I and the defeat of Germany and Austria provided the prospect for Poland's return. After the war, under the support of the allies, Poland, after a hundred years of subjugation, was finally able to recover. In the 1920s, Poland, in order to maintain its hard-won territory and borders, was "one-sided" against France under the grip of Germany and the Soviet Union, two major neighboring countries. In the late 1920s, with the restoration of European power status, Germany's demand for Poland's territory and borders became stronger and stronger. In the atmosphere of Franco-German reconciliation, Poland changed its practice in the first half of the 1920s and adopted a neutral foreign policy against Germany. With the outbreak of the world economic crisis in the 1930s, the contradictions in capitalist countries intensified, and fascism came to power. This series of factors prompted Poland to adjust its foreign policy, abandon the European collective security system, and implement the "equal distance" foreign policy to Germany and Soviet Union. The study of the relationship between the two wars can provide an important clue for exploring the causes of the outbreak of World War II. Because of the unique geopolitical environment between Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland, a small country and a weak country, plays a role that is not dominant, but not to be underestimated, in the game between the two great powers. Looking at the relations between Poland and Germany, Poland misjudged the situation in this political game and failed to find an effective policy towards Germany. And Germany's external goals are clear, its priorities are clear, and it adjusts its policy toward Poland according to different conditions and needs, and plays Poland in the hands of its shareholders. Once Poland's utilization value is over, Germany immediately tears off its hypocrisy. Poland was brutally destroyed by war.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K151

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