波利比乌斯历史思想初探——兼与早期希腊史家比较

发布时间：2018-12-25 19:10

【摘要】：基于实用主义的著史目的,波利比乌斯高度重视原因探究,进而围绕罗马国族兴衰提出了一系列重要主张。它们作为《历史》叙事渐次展开的理论产物,充分体现了波氏史观构建由浅入深的递嬗脉络。主要体现在如下四个层面:一、政体说表面上是理解波氏撰史意旨的主导线索,但其实际地位并非举足轻重;二、心性说具有较高理论水平,所含"人物史"意向是对政体说的某种扬弃;三、鉴于单纯人事性探究难以有效解释历史,命运观同样不可或缺;四、随着道德史观的孕育生成,波氏论史的悲观宿命色彩大大增强。在上述意义上,综合运用多组史观范畴表明波氏认识到了历史变化的复杂性,而部分瑕疵、分歧则暴露了其认知的局限性。另外,也从一个侧面深刻折射了西方古典史学史观领域的某些传承和流变。
[Abstract]:For the historical purpose of pragmatism, Polobius attached great importance to the exploration of the causes and put forward a series of important propositions around the rise and fall of the Roman nation. As the theoretical product of the gradual development of narration, they fully reflect the evolution of Bos historical view. It is mainly embodied in the following four levels: first, the polity theory is the leading clue to understand the historical tenor of Bo's writing, but its actual position is not important; Second, the theory of mind has a higher theoretical level, and the intention of "the history of characters" contained in it is a sublation of the theory of government; third, since it is difficult to explain history effectively through the exploration of pure personnel, the view of fate is also indispensable. Fourthly, with the birth of moral historical view, the pessimistic and fatalistic color of the history of Bo's theory is greatly enhanced. In the above sense, the comprehensive use of a number of historical concepts shows that Bos realized the complexity of historical changes, while some flaws and differences exposed his cognitive limitations. In addition, it also reflects some inheritance and evolution in the field of western classical historiography.
【作者单位】：河南大学历史文化学院世界史研究所;
【分类号】：K125

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