1974年塞浦路斯危机研究
发布时间：2018-12-29 10:34
【摘要】：1974年塞浦路斯危机是冷战转型时代西方同盟内部一次重要的地区危机。此次危机不仅改变了东地中海地区的政治格局,而且对西方同盟内部关系产生了重大的影响。本文围绕1974年塞浦路斯危机而展开,通过对塞浦路斯问题的历史脉络的梳理,着重描述1974年塞浦路斯危机的历史进程和危机期间塞浦路斯岛上两族与英国、美国、希腊、土耳其之间的多边外交博弈,以揭示冷战转型时期以民族冲突为特征和基本内涵的地区性冲突所体现出的国际格局,以及由此而引发的西方同盟内部关系的调整,而这又在另一个层面推动着冷战的转型。 本文除绪言和结语外,共分为三章。 第一章主要论述塞浦路斯问题的历史由来和不断复杂化的历史过程。塞浦路斯问题源自19世纪以来岛上希腊族对“伊诺西斯”孜孜不倦的追求,后逐渐演变成为以岛上两族冲突为核心并以土耳其和希腊为主要利益关切者的地区性民族冲突问题。英国人的到来又为塞浦路斯问题增添了殖民与反殖民的色彩。二战后,随着冷战格局的形成,希腊和土耳其均被纳入到西方军事政治联盟体系中去,塞浦路斯问题随之成为西方阵营中少数几个以民族冲突为基本特征的内部矛盾。由于东西方紧张对持的存在,塞浦路斯问题始终被约束在一定的范围内,在经历了1954-59年、1963-64年和1967-68年的三次重大危机之后依旧未得到根本的解决。 第二章主要论述1974年塞浦路斯危机的历史进程以及英美希土之间的外交博弈。1960年代末以来,马卡里奥斯和希腊军政府之间的矛盾不断激化,最终酿成7月15日希腊军政府支持的塞浦路斯政变的发生,从而拉开1974年塞浦路斯危机的序幕。为防止危机扩散,英美两国以伦敦会议和西斯科调停的形式积极展开斡旋,但未能成功。7月20日,土耳其出兵塞浦路斯,塞浦路斯局势急剧恶化,希土之战一触即发。在国际社会的努力下,7月22日土耳其宣布接受停火。但此后两次日内瓦和谈未能取得任何进展,8月14日土耳其恢复军事行动,在实现既定的军事目标之后宣布正式停火。 第三章主要论述1974年塞浦路斯危机对东地中海地区政治格局和西方同盟内部关系的冲击,以及联合国在调节塞浦路斯问题中作用的凸显。此次危机促使以美、土、希三方为核心的西方军事政治集团在内部关系出现了重大调整,一方面,危机期间美国的观望态度,使得处于军事劣势的希腊新政府迫于国内巨大压力,宣布退出北约军事一体化组织,导致自1947年希土危机之后逐渐形成的军事联盟遭受重大挫折；另一方面,鉴于土耳其强硬出兵塞浦路斯,美国宣布中止对土耳其的军事和经济援助,使美土关系跌入低谷。希腊退出北约军事防御体系和美土关系交恶使得美国构筑的以应对苏联扩张为目标的东地中海军事防御体系遭到严重破坏,美国不得不从上述两国撤出大部分军事力量,由此可以折射出七十年代冷战转型时期地区性民族矛盾对西方政治联盟的影响。同盟内部调节塞浦路斯问题的屡屡受挫和美与希、土关系的恶化使得联合国在塞浦路斯问题调解中的作用凸显出来。
[Abstract]:The 1974 crisis of Cyprus is an important regional crisis in the western alliance of the era of the cold war. The crisis not only changed the political structure of the Eastern Mediterranean region, but also had a great impact on the internal relations of the Western Union. This paper, through the analysis of the history of the Cyprus problem in 1974, focuses on the historical process of the Cyprus crisis in 1974 and the multilateral diplomatic game between the two families on the island and the United Kingdom, the United States, Greece and Turkey during the crisis. In order to reveal the international pattern of the regional conflicts characterized by the ethnic conflict and the basic connotation during the transition period of the cold war, and the adjustment of the internal relations of the western alliance, which has also promoted the transformation of the cold war at another level. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, this paper is divided into two parts: Chapter I mainly deals with the history of the Cyprus problem and its complexity The historical process of the Cyprus problem stems from the untiring pursuit of the 鈥淚onosis鈥，
本文编号：2394729
[Abstract]:The 1974 crisis of Cyprus is an important regional crisis in the western alliance of the era of the cold war. The crisis not only changed the political structure of the Eastern Mediterranean region, but also had a great impact on the internal relations of the Western Union. This paper, through the analysis of the history of the Cyprus problem in 1974, focuses on the historical process of the Cyprus crisis in 1974 and the multilateral diplomatic game between the two families on the island and the United Kingdom, the United States, Greece and Turkey during the crisis. In order to reveal the international pattern of the regional conflicts characterized by the ethnic conflict and the basic connotation during the transition period of the cold war, and the adjustment of the internal relations of the western alliance, which has also promoted the transformation of the cold war at another level. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, this paper is divided into two parts: Chapter I mainly deals with the history of the Cyprus problem and its complexity The historical process of the Cyprus problem stems from the untiring pursuit of the 鈥淚onosis鈥，
本文编号：2394729
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