太平洋战争期间日本对东南亚的经济统制

发布时间：2019-03-01 07:37

【摘要】：1941年12月，深陷侵华战争泥潭的日本孤注一掷，向美、英、荷宣战，发动了所谓“大东亚战争”。数月后，日军占领了东南亚及西太平洋广大地区，并在当地实行严厉的军政统治，经济统制则是其军政统治的核心内容。本文以太平洋战争期间日本对东南亚实施的经济统制为研究对象，依据历史学的实证研究方法，参照政治学和经济学的有关理论分析工具，在日本国家垄断资本主义发生、发展、消亡的视角下，宏观论述与个案分析结合，旨在系统考察太平洋战争时期日本对东南亚经济统制的政策方针、组织体系、方法手段和实施效果，阐明这一统制的特点、本质、作用以及影响。为了实现这一研究目标，在研究路径的设计上，首先阐述了太平洋战争爆发前日本对东南亚的认识和政策，以为深入主题的背景和铺垫；然后对太平洋战争期间日本对东南亚经济统制的演进进行了全景式叙述和分析，阐明了不同阶段下军政统治方式、经济统制的特点和变化；接着逐次考察了金融、财政、产业、贸易等经济统制子体系的政策手段和实施效果；最后采用比较分析的方法，对战时经济统制进行了整体性评论。本文指出，太平洋战争期间日本对东南亚的经济统制，即期目标是“自给自足”、“以战养战”，远期目的是构建以日本为核心的排他性“大东亚共荣圈”及“日元经济圈”，即通过严厉的军政统治和经济统制，把东南亚纳入日本资本主义经济圈，充当日本军需物资的供应地和日本商品的倾销市场，进而实现东南亚经济的对日附属化，成为其“日元经济圈”的第二层经济“补给圈”；由于这一统制是日本国家资本垄断的有机组成部分，因此除了国家及当地军政统治机构的强力运作外，财阀等私人资本对东南亚的掠夺和“投资”，也是在战时“物资动员计划”的总体安排下进行的，财阀资本构成了经济统制的手段和内容；无论是与日本在台湾、朝鲜的殖民统治相比，还是与战前欧美诸国对东南亚的殖民统治相比，太平洋战争时期以军政统治为前提的日本对东南亚的经济统制更具有强制性、短期性和残酷性，特别是进入战争中后期，，其不顾当地人民死活，政治上残暴统治、经济上竭泽而渔的疯狂掠夺，给东南亚各国人民带来深重灾难，彻底撕下了日本侵略者自我粉饰的“解放者”伪装，暴露了其“共存共荣”不过是掠夺东南亚各国资源的幌子，“大东亚共荣圈”不过是日本军国主义的殖民圈。本文还指出，日本在东南亚推行经济统制的特点是，以金融、财政、产业和贸易统制为重点，旨在最大限度控制和搜刮当地资源，相比之下，物价统制力度不够，因而导致战时东南亚的通货膨胀比其他占领区更为严重。日本对东南亚的经济统制，使东南亚的形势发生了深刻的变化。抗击日本侵略，争取民族独立的斗争成为东南亚各国的首要任务，这是东南亚进入民族独立运动飞跃发展的大转变时期。二战后，日本借赔偿、援助、投资、贸易等经济手段，确保了在东南亚的工业原料和市场，增强了日本自身的经济实力和政治影响力，实现了太平洋战争期间依靠武力而无法实现的目标。日本近代所走过的崛起到扩张之路成为反面教材，证明以武力和侵略改变东亚地区国际秩序的方式行不通。
[Abstract]:In December 1941, Japan, which was deep in the war of war in China, declared war on the United States, Britain and the United States of America, and launched so-called "the Great East Asia War". A few months later, the Japanese army occupied the vast areas of South-East Asia and the western Pacific, and imposed severe military and political rule on the ground, and the economic system was the core of its military rule. This paper, based on the empirical research method of history, takes the economic system of Japan to Southeast Asia as the research object during the Pacific War, and makes reference to the relevant theoretical analysis tools of political science and economics in the perspective of the development and extinction of the capitalism in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to study the policy, organization, method and effect of Japan's economic system in Southeast Asia during the Pacific War, and to clarify the characteristics, nature, function and shadow of this system. In order to achieve this research goal, in the design of the research path, the understanding and policy of Japan to Southeast Asia before the outbreak of the Pacific War were first stated, and the background of the in-depth theme was discussed. And then the evolution of Japan's economic system of Southeast Asia during the Pacific War has been described and analyzed, and the characteristics and changes of military rule and economic system under different stages are set out. The policy means and implementation effect of the economic system, such as industry, trade, etc.; and finally, the comparative analysis method is adopted, and the whole system of the wartime economy is integrated. This paper points out that Japan's economic system of Southeast Asia during the Pacific War is the "self-sufficiency", the "to fight for war" and the long-term aim of building an exclusive "East Asian Co-prosperity Circle" and "Japanese yen economic circle" centered on Japan, that is, through the strict military and political rule. And the economic system, the Southeast Asia is integrated into the Japanese capitalist economic circle, serving as the supply land of the Japanese military material and the dumping market of the Japanese goods, and further realizing the Japan-to-Japan subsidiary of the South-East Asian economy and becoming the second-level economic

"make-up ring" of the "Japanese yen economic circle". / unk>; since this system is an organic component of the Japanese national capital monopoly, in addition to the strong operation of the state and local military and government governing bodies, private capital, such as the financial valve, is" the plunder and make-up of the South-East Asia ", as well as the overall safety of the investment in time of war In the discharge, the financial capital constitutes the means and contents of the economic system; in contrast to the colonial rule of Japan in Taiwan and Korea, it is the same as that of the pre-war European and American countries to the Southeast Asia. Compared with the rule of the people, Japan's economic system in Southeast Asia is more mandatory, short-term and cruel, especially in the middle and late of the war. The wild pillaging of the people of Southeast Asia has caused a great disaster to the peoples of South-East Asia. The "liberator" of the Japanese aggressors' self-painting is completely torn off, and the "co-existence and prosperity" of the "East Asian Co-prosperity Circle" is the front of the looting of the resources of the countries of South-East Asia. The paper also points out that Japan's economic system in South-East Asia is characterized by the focus of the financial, financial, industrial and trade system, with the aim of controlling and searching local resources to the maximum extent, in contrast, the price system The strength of the system is not enough, so that the inflation in South-East Asia in time of war is more than that of other The region is more serious. Japan's economic system in South-East Asia has made the situation in South-East Asia The struggle against the Japanese aggression and the struggle for the independence of the nation has become the top priority of the countries of South-East Asia, which is the leap forward of the independent movement of Southeast Asia into the nation. After the Second World War, Japan, through economic means such as compensation, aid, investment and trade, ensured the industrial raw materials and markets in South-East Asia, strengthened Japan's own economic strength and political influence, and realized the use of force during the Pacific War. The goal that cannot be achieved. The rise of Japan's recent rise to the road of expansion has become an anti-face textbook, which has proved to change the international rank of East Asia by force and aggression.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K152

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