近代在美日本移民与美国排日运动

发布时间：2019-03-20 09:55

【摘要】：在美国移民史中,日本移民是一个比较特殊的族裔群体。本文以1885年至1924年移居美国的日本人为对象,梳理其移民历程与分析其同化和融合的状况,并联系美国排日运动探讨两者之间的联系。笼统而言,这一时期日本人向美国的移民历程可以分为三个阶段:即零星移民阶段、大规模向夏威夷移民阶段与向美国大陆移民阶段,导致其移民的原因在于有利的时代背景与地理因素、经济利益的驱使、逃避兵役和同乡的诱导。日本移民在美同化与融合程度较低,从其自身角度而言主要在于他们独立的生活方式和相对封闭的生活社区、对母国文化的强烈认同。这些因素也成为美国社会排斥日本移民的理由。随之兴起的美国排日运动反过来又阻滞了其同化与融合的进程。从移民接纳国的角度而言,美国排日运动的爆发是美国社会根深蒂固的白人至上种族主义观念,并且延续了排华运动中对黄种人的偏见与歧视,同时还受到当时日美关系的影响,对日本及其国民有着较强的防范心理。排日运动以美国《1924年移民法案》的颁布而告终,该法案直接中止了日本向美国的移民,也成为初代日本移民与其后代的分水岭。
[Abstract]:In the history of American immigration, Japanese immigrants are a special ethnic group. This paper deals with the Japanese immigrants from 1885 to 1924, analyzes their assimilation and integration, and probes into the relationship between the Japanese emigration and the Japanese exclusion movement in the United States from 1885 to 1924. The Japanese emigrated to the United States from 1885 to 1924 were analyzed. Generally speaking, the process of Japanese migration to the United States during this period can be divided into three stages: sporadic migration, large-scale migration to Hawaii and migration to the mainland of the United States. The reasons for their migration are favorable background and geographical factors, economic interests, avoidance of military service and induction of fellow-townspeople. The degree of assimilation and integration of Japanese immigrants in the United States is relatively low, from their own point of view, mainly lies in their independent way of life and relatively closed living community, strong recognition of the culture of the home country. These factors also justify the exclusion of Japanese immigrants in American society. The rise of American Japanese exclusion movement, in turn, blocked the process of assimilation and integration. From the perspective of immigration-hosting countries, the outbreak of the United States Japanese exclusion Movement is a deeply rooted racist concept of white supremacy in American society, and it continues the prejudice and discrimination against the yellow race in the exclusion movement. At the same time, it was influenced by the relationship between Japan and the United States at that time, and had a strong mentality of prevention for Japan and its citizens. The Anti-Japanese Movement ended with the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1924, which directly suspended the migration of Japan to the United States and also became a watershed between the first generation of Japanese immigrants and their descendants.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5

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