19世纪初期美国“和睦时代”研究
发布时间：2019-03-22 11:21
【摘要】： “和睦时代”是美国历史上一个独特的时代,这个时期主要包括詹姆斯·门罗任职总统的八年,即1817——1825年。这个时期的美国基本上不存在党派政治,也不存在明显的政治论战,美国社会经济稳定、政治和谐,自独立战争以来一直困扰美国人民的绝大多数问题都没有以前那样严重了,大州和小州之间的互不信任大大减少,欧洲世界战火纷飞的恐惧此时被安全地隔离在美国之外。总之,这个时代展现出来的是一种和平、繁荣和进步的前景,正是美国的建国先辈们所梦寐以求的,也是美国历史上一个独一无二的时代。 同时,这个时代也是美国历史上一个关键的转折期,它不仅关系到年轻共和国的巩固与发展,也决定着美国政治思想的发展方向。“和睦时代”之前,美国处于杰斐逊民主时代,而经过“和睦时代”,美国则转变到了杰克逊民主时代。“和睦时代”之前的政治思想是主张管理最少的政府是最好的政府,“和睦时代”之后则认为能进行强有力的政府干预维护弱势群体利益的政府才是最好的政府。 总之,应该正确看待“和睦时代”在美国历史上的重要地位和作用,应该从19世纪初的世界形势和美国的发展状况来定位该时代,既不能忽视这个时代,也不能过于把该时代的地位绝对化。基于以上事实和思考,笔者在前人研究的基础上,充分利用目前能找到的史料,结合所学的相关知识,来解读、阐释该时代。 全文共分三大部分,即导言、正文和结语。 导言首先对“和睦时代”的大背景作了交代,就“和睦时代”在美国历史上的时间范围作了界定,并阐明了本文的研究意义和研究方法。其次,回顾和综述本课题既有的研究成果,总结其研究的价值和不足。 第一章对“和睦时代”产生的历史背景和社会原因进行考察。首先是考察造就该时代的美国经济社会状况。其次是分析该时代产生的政治背景。最后是探讨门罗总统在开创这个时代中所作出的贡献。 第二章对“和睦时代”的特征进行分析。首先分析该时代在政治上的一党制特征。其次分析该时代中美国的社会经济状况。最后考察该时代中美国对外政策的明显特征。 第三章对“和睦时代”结束的原因进行历史考察。首先分析了当时美国产生的地区冲突对该时代结束的影响。其次分析了奴隶制问题带来的争论和纷争对该时代结束的冲击。再次分析了政治上党派斗争的复苏和激化对该时代结束的影响。最后探讨亚当斯总统继承门罗的衣钵后为何会加速了该时代的终结。 结语是对“和睦时代”的总结,并就本文的主要观点作概括说明,指出该时代在美国政治思想史上的独特地位及其对美国发展道路产生的历史影响。
[Abstract]:The Age of rapprochement was a unique era in American history, including James Monroe's eight years as president, 1817-1825. In this period, there is basically no partisan politics in the United States, and there is no obvious political debate. The social and economic stability and political harmony in the United States are not as serious as before in most of the problems that have plagued the American people since the War of Independence. Mistrust between big and small states has been greatly reduced, and fears of world war in Europe have been safely isolated from the United States. In short, what this era shows is the prospect of peace, prosperity and progress, the dream of the founding fathers of the United States, and a unique era in the history of the United States. At the same time, this era is also a key turning point in the history of the United States, it is not only related to the consolidation and development of the young republic, but also determines the direction of the development of American political thought. Before the Age of Harmony, the United States was in the Jefferson era of democracy, and after the Age of Harmony, the United States transformed into the era of Jackson democracy. The political idea before the times of harmony is that the least managed government is the best one, and after the times of harmony, the government that can intervene strongly to safeguard the interests of the weak groups is the best government. In short, we should correctly view the important position and role of the "era of harmony" in the history of the United States, and should position the era from the world situation in the early 19th century and the development of the United States, and neither should we ignore this era. Nor should we overabsolutize the position of the era. Based on the above facts and thoughts, the author, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of the historical materials that can be found at present, combined with the relevant knowledge learned, to interpret and explain the era. The full text is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction first explains the background of "harmonious times", defines the time range of "harmonious times" in American history, and clarifies the research significance and research methods of this paper. Secondly, review and summarize the existing research results of this topic, sum up the value and deficiency of its research. The first chapter examines the historical background and social causes of the era of rapprochement. The first is to examine the economic and social conditions in the United States that created the era. The second is to analyze the political background of this era. Finally, it explores the contribution that President Monroe has made in inaugurating this era. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of harmony. First of all, the political characteristics of the one-party system in this era are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the socio-economic situation of the United States in this era. Finally, we examine the obvious characteristics of American foreign policy in this era. The third chapter makes a historical investigation of the reasons for the end of the era of Harmony. First of all, the impact of the regional conflicts in the United States on the end of the era was analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the arguments and disputes on the end of the era. Again, the impact of the revival and intensification of the political partisan struggle on the end of the era is analyzed. Finally, it explores why President Adams's succession to Monroe accelerated the end of the era. The conclusion is a summary of the era of rapprochement, and a summary of the main points in this paper, pointing out the unique position of the era in the history of American political thought and its historical influence on the development of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.4
本文编号：2445541
[Abstract]:The Age of rapprochement was a unique era in American history, including James Monroe's eight years as president, 1817-1825. In this period, there is basically no partisan politics in the United States, and there is no obvious political debate. The social and economic stability and political harmony in the United States are not as serious as before in most of the problems that have plagued the American people since the War of Independence. Mistrust between big and small states has been greatly reduced, and fears of world war in Europe have been safely isolated from the United States. In short, what this era shows is the prospect of peace, prosperity and progress, the dream of the founding fathers of the United States, and a unique era in the history of the United States. At the same time, this era is also a key turning point in the history of the United States, it is not only related to the consolidation and development of the young republic, but also determines the direction of the development of American political thought. Before the Age of Harmony, the United States was in the Jefferson era of democracy, and after the Age of Harmony, the United States transformed into the era of Jackson democracy. The political idea before the times of harmony is that the least managed government is the best one, and after the times of harmony, the government that can intervene strongly to safeguard the interests of the weak groups is the best government. In short, we should correctly view the important position and role of the "era of harmony" in the history of the United States, and should position the era from the world situation in the early 19th century and the development of the United States, and neither should we ignore this era. Nor should we overabsolutize the position of the era. Based on the above facts and thoughts, the author, on the basis of previous studies, makes full use of the historical materials that can be found at present, combined with the relevant knowledge learned, to interpret and explain the era. The full text is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction first explains the background of "harmonious times", defines the time range of "harmonious times" in American history, and clarifies the research significance and research methods of this paper. Secondly, review and summarize the existing research results of this topic, sum up the value and deficiency of its research. The first chapter examines the historical background and social causes of the era of rapprochement. The first is to examine the economic and social conditions in the United States that created the era. The second is to analyze the political background of this era. Finally, it explores the contribution that President Monroe has made in inaugurating this era. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of harmony. First of all, the political characteristics of the one-party system in this era are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the socio-economic situation of the United States in this era. Finally, we examine the obvious characteristics of American foreign policy in this era. The third chapter makes a historical investigation of the reasons for the end of the era of Harmony. First of all, the impact of the regional conflicts in the United States on the end of the era was analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the arguments and disputes on the end of the era. Again, the impact of the revival and intensification of the political partisan struggle on the end of the era is analyzed. Finally, it explores why President Adams's succession to Monroe accelerated the end of the era. The conclusion is a summary of the era of rapprochement, and a summary of the main points in this paper, pointing out the unique position of the era in the history of American political thought and its historical influence on the development of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.4
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 宋涛;论马丁·范布伦的政党思想及实践[D];山东大学;2012年
2 叶兆琴;美国建国初期的政党思想研究[D];西南交通大学;2013年
，本文编号：2445541
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