戈尔巴乔夫的对外战略研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 17:42

【摘要】： 1985年3月11日,戈尔巴乔夫当选为苏共中央总书记。执政初期,由于内外交困,戈尔巴乔夫对苏联内政和外交进行了改革。本文对戈尔巴乔夫对外战略进行研究,拟通过对戈尔巴乔夫对外战略产生的背景、对外战略的内容及其外交实践,探究其对外战略对苏联内政外交的影响。戈尔巴乔夫把“新思维”作为外交政策的准则,缓和了苏联同西方国家的紧张关系。在对美关系上,苏联积极谋求缓和。在核军备竞赛领域中,戈尔巴乔夫认为,没有人能够在核战争中获胜,也不能赢得核军备竞赛。戈尔巴乔夫发动了和平攻势,向美国提出裁军建议,并单方面宣布停止核试验。由于苏联在对外战略上主动让步,苏美停止了持续多年的军备竞赛,并开始裁军和削减战略武器的谈判。在地区冲突上,苏联开始注意改善同邻国的关系,例如在第三世界实行收缩战略,缓和同美国在热点地区的冲突。在欧洲问题上,提出“全欧大厦”的思想,竭力推动在欧洲重建缓和,承认世界的多极化,放松了对东欧的控制。戈尔巴乔夫的对外战略是在20世纪80年代苏联所处的特殊的历史背景下产生的,与其前任相比,戈尔巴乔夫的对外战略对苏联的内政和外交产生了较大的影响。全文除绪论和结语外,共分为三个部分: 第一章,主要研究戈尔巴乔夫对外战略产生的背景。分析了从列宁和斯大林的外交思想到赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫时期的苏联的对外战略。苏联对外战略的演变是戈尔巴乔夫对外战略产生的理论渊源,戈尔巴乔夫执政初期,苏联内政和外交方面的困境是戈尔巴乔夫对外战略产生的现实背景。第二章,阐述戈尔巴乔夫对外战略的主要思想内涵,即“新思维”外交政策,并阐述了“新思维”对外战略的外交实践。第三章,通过三个方面来阐述戈尔巴乔夫对外战略对苏联内政和外交的影响,即退出军备竞赛对苏联经济结构的影响,戈尔巴乔夫在执政后期寄希望于西方援助对苏联国际地位的影响,以及阿富汗撤军对苏联国际地位的影响。
[Abstract]:On March 11, 1985, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. At the beginning of his reign, Gorbachev reformed the Soviet Union's internal and foreign affairs because of the difficulties of internal and foreign affairs. In this paper, Gorbachev's foreign strategy is studied. Through the background of Gorbachev's foreign strategy, the content of foreign strategy and its diplomatic practice, this paper explores the influence of its foreign strategy on Soviet Union's internal and foreign affairs. Gorbachev used New thinking as the norm of foreign policy, easing the tension between the Soviet Union and Western countries. In relations with the United States, the Soviet Union actively sought to ease. In the nuclear arms race, Gorbachev believes that no one can win the nuclear war, nor won the nuclear arms race. Gorbachev launched a peace offensive, proposed disarmament to the United States, and unilaterally declared a cessation of nuclear testing. As the Soviet Union made strategic concessions on its foreign strategy, the Soviet Union and the United States stopped the years-long arms race and began negotiations on disarmament and strategic arms reduction. In regional conflicts, the Soviet Union began to pay attention to improving relations with its neighbours, such as adopting a contraction strategy in the third World and defusing conflicts with the United States in hot spots. On the issue of Europe, the idea of "all-Europe Mansion" was put forward to push for reconstruction and relaxation in Europe, recognizing the multipolarization of the world and loosening its control over Eastern Europe. Gorbachev's foreign strategy came into being under the special historical background of the Soviet Union in the 1980s. Compared with his predecessor, Gorbachev's foreign strategy had a great influence on the internal and foreign affairs of the Soviet Union. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into three parts: the first chapter, mainly studies the background of Gorbachev's foreign strategy. This paper analyzes the foreign strategy of Soviet Union in the period of Khrushchev and Brezhnev, from Lenin and Stalin's diplomatic thought to the times of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. The evolution of Soviet Union's foreign strategy is the theoretical origin of Gorbachev's foreign strategy. In the early days of Gorbachev's ruling, the dilemma of Soviet Union's internal and foreign affairs was the realistic background of Gorbachev's foreign strategy. The second chapter expounds the main thought connotation of Gorbachev's foreign strategy, that is, the foreign policy of "new thinking", and expounds the diplomatic practice of "new thinking" foreign strategy. The third chapter expounds the influence of Gorbachev's foreign strategy on the domestic and foreign affairs of the Soviet Union through three aspects, that is, the impact of withdrawal from the arms race on the economic structure of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev placed his hopes on the impact of Western aid on the international status of the Soviet Union and the impact of the withdrawal of Afghan troops on the international status of the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512

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