莫斯科公司特权与组织管理研究（1553-1603）
发布时间：2019-04-08 16:28
【摘要】： 16世纪的英国正处于社会转型时期,经济领域正酝酿着新时代的变革。在统治者支持的情况下不断拓展海外势力,通过强大的商业实力向其周围的海域进行未知的探索和经济渗透。在经过一系列的探险之后建立了很多以英国商人和贵族为主的据点,莫斯科公司成为这一行为的成果和开始。1553年,莫斯科公司(又称俄罗斯公司)成立,并从英国国王那里取得特许状,开始发展对俄贸易,开辟了新的商品需求市场,英俄两国各取所需。莫斯科公司从英王那里获取了商路和俄国市场的垄断特权,以及部分商品的专卖特权,同时又拥有作为公司法人的独立自主权。因此公司的未来发展并不是单单建立在特权基础之上的,特权只在一定程度上保障了公司的利益。相对而言,俄国沙皇赋予公司的特权更为有利。公司在俄国拥有海关关税的豁免权和各地赋税免征权,使得公司在俄国商业领域中具有超然地位。公司的制度方面占有很重要的地位。从莫斯科公司的规章制度和组织管理模式来说,它无疑是一家股份公司。公司的成员都必须以资金或设备的形式入股成为股东,每到特定的时间公司通过召开股东大会进行分红并制定公司发展计划,同时设立常设机构总理事会处理日常事务,各股东或本人或委托代理人参加、选举、出席会议。尽管许多制度并不完备,但是莫斯科公司作为股份公司的尝试仍然是成功的。此后英国商人在各地区建立了诸多类似莫斯科公司的海外贸易公司,这些公司的经营管理模式是在莫斯科公司的基础之上发展建立的。莫斯科公司为保持在俄国的特权,还充当了俄国政府外交大使保护人的角色。反之为了继续享有特权,公司也充当了英国政府的信使。
[Abstract]:Britain is in a period of social transformation in the 16th century, and a new era is brewing in the economic field. With the support of the rulers, the overseas forces continue to expand, through strong commercial power to its surrounding waters for unknown exploration and economic penetration. After a series of expeditions, many strongholds of British businessmen and aristocrats were established, and the Moscow Company became the fruit and the beginning of the act. In 1553, the Moscow Company (also known as the Russian Company) was founded. And obtained a charter from the British King, began to develop trade with Russia, opened up a new commodity demand market, Britain and Russia each need. The Moscow company obtained monopoly privileges from the British king in the commercial and Russian markets, as well as monopoly privileges on some commodities, while at the same time having independent autonomy as a corporate legal person. Therefore, the future development of the company is not only based on privileges, privileges only to a certain extent to protect the interests of the company. In contrast, the Russian tsar gave the company more favourable privileges. The company's exemption from customs duties and local tax exemptions in Russia gave it an exceptional position in Russian commerce. The system of the company occupies a very important position. From the Moscow company's regulations and organizational management model, it is undoubtedly a joint-stock company. The members of the company must become shareholders in the form of funds or equipment, and at any given time the company pays dividends and plans for the development of the company through the holding of a general meeting of shareholders, and at the same time establishes a general council of permanent institutions to deal with day-to-day affairs. Each shareholder or I or entrustment agent attends, elects, attends the meeting. Although many systems are incomplete, Moscow's attempts as a joint-stock company are still successful. Since then, British businessmen have set up a number of overseas trading companies similar to Moscow companies in various regions, whose management models have been developed on the basis of Moscow companies. Moscow also served as the protector of the Russian government's diplomatic ambassador to preserve its privileges in Russia. Instead, the company served as a messenger to the British government in order to continue to enjoy privileges.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.33
本文编号：2454736
[Abstract]:Britain is in a period of social transformation in the 16th century, and a new era is brewing in the economic field. With the support of the rulers, the overseas forces continue to expand, through strong commercial power to its surrounding waters for unknown exploration and economic penetration. After a series of expeditions, many strongholds of British businessmen and aristocrats were established, and the Moscow Company became the fruit and the beginning of the act. In 1553, the Moscow Company (also known as the Russian Company) was founded. And obtained a charter from the British King, began to develop trade with Russia, opened up a new commodity demand market, Britain and Russia each need. The Moscow company obtained monopoly privileges from the British king in the commercial and Russian markets, as well as monopoly privileges on some commodities, while at the same time having independent autonomy as a corporate legal person. Therefore, the future development of the company is not only based on privileges, privileges only to a certain extent to protect the interests of the company. In contrast, the Russian tsar gave the company more favourable privileges. The company's exemption from customs duties and local tax exemptions in Russia gave it an exceptional position in Russian commerce. The system of the company occupies a very important position. From the Moscow company's regulations and organizational management model, it is undoubtedly a joint-stock company. The members of the company must become shareholders in the form of funds or equipment, and at any given time the company pays dividends and plans for the development of the company through the holding of a general meeting of shareholders, and at the same time establishes a general council of permanent institutions to deal with day-to-day affairs. Each shareholder or I or entrustment agent attends, elects, attends the meeting. Although many systems are incomplete, Moscow's attempts as a joint-stock company are still successful. Since then, British businessmen have set up a number of overseas trading companies similar to Moscow companies in various regions, whose management models have been developed on the basis of Moscow companies. Moscow also served as the protector of the Russian government's diplomatic ambassador to preserve its privileges in Russia. Instead, the company served as a messenger to the British government in order to continue to enjoy privileges.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K561.33
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 何顺果;;特许公司——西方推行“重商政策”的急先锋[J];世界历史;2007年01期
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