莫洛托夫计划对东欧国家经济政策的影响（1945-1955）

发布时间：2019-05-13 08:16

【摘要】：二战结束后,东欧成为美国和苏联博弈的焦点。为了稳定政治局势,遏制苏联,美国实施了马歇尔计划,而苏联为了反抗和回击美国施行的“马歇尔计划”,组织推行了“莫洛托夫计划”。“莫洛托夫计划”的实施在对东欧经济政策产生影响的同时,也对苏联的对外经济政策产生了很大影响,并为其后社会主义阵营的形成奠定了基础。为了能够对莫洛托夫计划及苏联对东欧经济政策有一个深入的认识,本文从莫洛托夫计划—苏联对东欧经济政策切入,通过查找史料和研究文献,论述了莫洛托夫计划实施的背景,并从经济援助、战后同盟、政治合作、军事安全带这几个方面阐述莫洛托夫计划的具体内容,再此基础上,分析这一时期苏联对东欧经济政策的影响,包括特点、作用和弊端。最后明确提出“莫洛托夫计划”虽然极大地促进了战后苏联和东欧的复兴,加强了苏联与东欧社会主义国家之间的经济交往,但却制约了东欧国家和西方国家间的贸易关系,也是导致苏联、东欧严重背离世界经济贸易体系的因素之一,东欧经济发展越来越落后于西欧的观点。通过莫洛托夫计划看苏联对东欧经济政策,有利于我们更为全面完整的认识苏联的对外经济政策,对于冷战史的研究也具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:After World War II, Eastern Europe became the focus of the game between the United States and the Soviet Union. In order to stabilize the political situation and contain the Soviet Union, the United States implemented the Marshall Plan, while the Soviet Union organized the "Molotov Plan" to resist and counter-attack the "Marshall Plan" carried out by the United States. The implementation of the Molotov Plan not only had an impact on the economic policy of Eastern Europe, but also had a great impact on the foreign economic policy of the Soviet Union, and laid the foundation for the formation of the socialist camp after that. In order to have an in-depth understanding of the Molotov Plan and the Soviet Union's economic policy towards Eastern Europe, this paper focuses on the Molotov Plan, the Soviet Union's economic policy towards Eastern Europe, and looks up historical data and research documents. This paper discusses the background of the implementation of the Molotov Plan, and expounds the specific contents of the Molotov Plan from the aspects of economic assistance, post-war alliance, political cooperation and military seat belts, on the basis of which, This paper analyzes the influence of the Soviet Union on the economic policy of Eastern Europe in this period, including its characteristics, functions and disadvantages. Finally, it is clearly pointed out that although the "Molotov Plan" greatly promoted the revival of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe after the war and strengthened the economic exchanges between the Soviet Union and the socialist countries in Eastern Europe, it restricted the trade relations between the Eastern European countries and the Western countries. It is also one of the factors causing the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to deviate from the world economic and trade system, and the economic development of Eastern Europe lags behind that of Western Europe more and more. Through Molotov's plan to see the Soviet Union's economic policy towards Eastern Europe, it is helpful for us to understand the Soviet Union's foreign economic policy in a more comprehensive and complete way, and it is also of great significance to the study of the history of cold war.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K512.55

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