古典医学的“西学镜像”

发布时间：2019-05-19 20:46

【摘要】：近现代中国古典医学的阐释与古典医学的本来面貌之间有一定差异。在西学东渐和科学主义深入人心背景下,即便是古典医学的拥护者也在不自觉中受到了西方医学的巨大影响,从而形成了如此的思维模式:在对西医强大压力进行反弹的时候,传统医界实际上是在照着西医的样式反复阐明自身的"科学性",在站到西医对面的同时也成为其映像。对待所谓迷信问题时除了有简单的回避之外还有从心理学等角度出发所做的"科学解释",讨论者即便意见完全相左也有一个共同点——他们在以西医为标准衡量古典医学。民众心目中"西医治标,中医治本"的观念一方面是对西医快速疗效的承认,一方面是对中医价值的重新阐释。近百余年来国人对于中国古代手术的重新审视也可以反映这样的问题,面对西学的侵迫,中医界不仅有迎合或回避,也有信心的重建,一旦其中有与近代医学理念相契合的个案,往往就成为中国传统医学成就的象征和骄傲。由不相信其真实性到骄傲弘扬,国人近二千年来对待华佗外科手术的态度是一个典型例证。在医学分科、药典问题上也可看到西学影响的痕迹,无论是强调中国分科之古老,还是强调《新修本草》是"世界上第一部药典",其实都在有意无意以西学为衡量标准,并且"套用"了西学的观念。
[Abstract]:There are some differences between the interpretation of modern Chinese classical medicine and the original appearance of classical medicine. Under the background of the spread of western learning and scientism, even the proponents of classical medicine have been unconsciously influenced by western medicine, thus forming such a mode of thinking: when rebounding against the strong pressure of western medicine, In fact, the traditional medical profession is repeatedly expounding its "scientific" according to the style of western medicine, and it also becomes its image when it stands opposite the western medicine. In addition to the simple avoidance of the so-called superstition, the discussants have one thing in common, even if they disagree completely-they measure classical medicine by Western medicine. In the eyes of the people, the concept of "western medicine treating symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine" is, on the one hand, the recognition of the rapid curative effect of western medicine, on the other hand, the reinterpretation of the value of traditional Chinese medicine. In the past hundred years, the Chinese people's re-examination of ancient Chinese surgery can also reflect such a problem. In the face of the invasion of western learning, the Chinese medicine profession not only caters to or evades it, but also has the confidence to reconstruct. Once there are cases in line with the modern medical concept, it often becomes the symbol and pride of the achievements of Chinese traditional medicine. From not believing its authenticity to promoting pride, the attitude of Chinese people towards Hua Tuo surgery in the past 2000 years is a typical example. In the medical branch, we can also see the influence of western learning on the issue of pharmacopoeia. Whether it emphasizes the antiquity of Chinese branch departments, or emphasizes that the new revision of Herbal Medicine is the first Pharmacopoeia in the world, in fact, it is intentionally or unintentionally measured by western learning. And "applied" the concept of Western learning.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“中西中古疾病、医疗史比较研究”(项目号09SZZD01)阶段性成果
【分类号】：R-09;K107

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