论14～16世纪英国港口大雅茅斯的兴衰
发布时间：2019-05-20 06:10
【摘要】：本文的意义旨在通过大雅茅斯在14世纪——16世纪的兴衰并联系其主要腹地诺维奇,诺福克郡以及整个东盎格利亚地区的区域发展来梳理其作为英格兰传统港口的发展脉络并借此来透视整个英格兰地区中世纪传统港口城市的兴衰。大雅茅斯的典型性为研究中世纪晚期传统港口城市的危机提供了一个非常好的实例。 大雅茅斯作为东盎格利亚地区重要的贸易港口,并在中世纪一直作为英国最重要的渔业港口,在14世纪不可避免的衰落下去,其间虽然经过了15世纪的短暂的复兴,但是在16世纪由于自身原因以及外部的竞争,使得其支柱产业捕鱼业彻底崩溃,最终彻底衰落。其发展的进程与东盎格利亚地区特别是诺维奇的发展紧密相关,更与整个英格兰的国内经济形势,国际形势以及经济发展的重心转移相关联,因此对雅茅斯中世纪晚期和近代早期发展轨迹的研究有助于把握这一阶段英国城市转型时期发展的主要趋势,从而更好的认识英国经济的发展和转型。同时,这种研究也有利于认识城市的地理座落与国家经济发展变化的关系,从中找出一些规律性的东西,找准城市自身的位置,并随着内外经济环境的改变而进行多方面转型,加快进一步发展。 第一章主要论述大雅茅斯在中世纪早期的繁荣以及在14世纪中期之后衰落的原因,特别是百年战争对其造成的影响。大雅茅斯在中世纪早期得到长久的发展源于其优越的地理位置和得天独厚的优良渔场,但到14世纪早期,由于英法百年战争爆发,黑死病,以及城市本身的原因大雅茅斯在这一时期开始衰落。 第二章主要考察在15世纪大雅茅斯对于城市衰落所作出的反应。这一时期由于以诺维奇为首的东昂格利亚地区纺织业和手工业的持续繁荣,使得作为诺维奇外港的大雅茅斯在这一时期也有了相应的转型。具体表现为同其腹地城市和乡村的联系增加,使得大雅茅斯更多的承担诺福克地区乡村工业区的外向交往职能。城市的经济得到短暂的恢复。 第三章主要论述16世纪大雅茅斯支柱产业崩溃并彻底衰落的原因。大雅茅斯由于自身基本没有制造业,所以其支柱产业依然是其立城之本的渔业和航运业。但是恰恰在16世纪,整个英国的渔业都面临着巨大的挑战。大雅茅斯在这次欧洲渔业的革新中再次惨遭失败,从此再无复兴的希望。
[Abstract]:The significance of this paper is to connect with Norwich, the main hinterland of Grand Yarmouth, through the rise and fall of Grand Yarmouth in the 14th and 16th centuries. The regional development of Norfolk and the whole East Anglia region combs its development as a traditional port in England and uses it to see through the rise and fall of the traditional port cities in the Middle Ages in the whole England region. The typicality of Grand Yarmouth provides a very good example for the study of the crisis of traditional port cities in the late Middle Ages. As an important trading port in East Anglia, and as the most important fishing port in Britain in the Middle Ages, Grand Yarmouth inevitably declined in the 14th century, although it underwent a brief renaissance in the 15th century. However, in the 16th century, due to its own reasons and external competition, its pillar industry fishing industry completely collapsed, and finally completely declined. The process of its development is closely related to the development of the East Anglia region, especially Norwich, and is also related to the domestic economic situation of England as a whole, the international situation and the shift of the center of gravity of economic development. Therefore, the study of the development track of Yarmouth in the late Middle Ages and early modern times is helpful to grasp the main trend of the development of British cities in this stage, so as to better understand the development and transformation of British economy. At the same time, this kind of research is also helpful to understand the relationship between the geographical location of the city and the development and change of the national economy, find out some regular things, find out the position of the city itself, and carry on the transformation in many aspects with the change of the internal and external economic environment. We will speed up further development. The first chapter mainly discusses the prosperity of Grand Yarmouth in the early Middle Ages and the reasons for its decline after the middle of the 14th century, especially the influence of the century war on it. Great Yarmouth developed for a long time in the early Middle Ages because of its superior geographical position and unique fine fishing grounds, but in the early 14th century, due to the outbreak of the hundred years War between Britain and France, the Black death. And the reasons for the city itself, Grand Yarmouth began to decline during this period. The second chapter mainly examines the reaction of Grand Yarmouth to the decline of the city in the 15 th century. During this period, due to the continuous prosperity of textile and handicrafts in East Anglia, led by Norwich, Grand Yarmouth, as a port outside Norwich, also had a corresponding transformation in this period. It is manifested in the increase of the relationship with the hinterland cities and villages, which makes Grand Yarmouth more undertake the extroverted communication function of the rural industrial zone in Norfolk area. The city's economy has recovered briefly. The third chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the collapse and complete decline of Grand Yarmouth pillar industry in the 16 th century. Because there is little manufacturing in Grand Yarmouth, its pillar industry is still the fishing and shipping industry in which it founded the city. But it was precisely in the 16 th century that the entire British fishing industry faced great challenges. Great Yarmouth was once again defeated in the European fisheries innovation and has no hope of renaissance ever since.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561.3
本文编号：2481422
[Abstract]:The significance of this paper is to connect with Norwich, the main hinterland of Grand Yarmouth, through the rise and fall of Grand Yarmouth in the 14th and 16th centuries. The regional development of Norfolk and the whole East Anglia region combs its development as a traditional port in England and uses it to see through the rise and fall of the traditional port cities in the Middle Ages in the whole England region. The typicality of Grand Yarmouth provides a very good example for the study of the crisis of traditional port cities in the late Middle Ages. As an important trading port in East Anglia, and as the most important fishing port in Britain in the Middle Ages, Grand Yarmouth inevitably declined in the 14th century, although it underwent a brief renaissance in the 15th century. However, in the 16th century, due to its own reasons and external competition, its pillar industry fishing industry completely collapsed, and finally completely declined. The process of its development is closely related to the development of the East Anglia region, especially Norwich, and is also related to the domestic economic situation of England as a whole, the international situation and the shift of the center of gravity of economic development. Therefore, the study of the development track of Yarmouth in the late Middle Ages and early modern times is helpful to grasp the main trend of the development of British cities in this stage, so as to better understand the development and transformation of British economy. At the same time, this kind of research is also helpful to understand the relationship between the geographical location of the city and the development and change of the national economy, find out some regular things, find out the position of the city itself, and carry on the transformation in many aspects with the change of the internal and external economic environment. We will speed up further development. The first chapter mainly discusses the prosperity of Grand Yarmouth in the early Middle Ages and the reasons for its decline after the middle of the 14th century, especially the influence of the century war on it. Great Yarmouth developed for a long time in the early Middle Ages because of its superior geographical position and unique fine fishing grounds, but in the early 14th century, due to the outbreak of the hundred years War between Britain and France, the Black death. And the reasons for the city itself, Grand Yarmouth began to decline during this period. The second chapter mainly examines the reaction of Grand Yarmouth to the decline of the city in the 15 th century. During this period, due to the continuous prosperity of textile and handicrafts in East Anglia, led by Norwich, Grand Yarmouth, as a port outside Norwich, also had a corresponding transformation in this period. It is manifested in the increase of the relationship with the hinterland cities and villages, which makes Grand Yarmouth more undertake the extroverted communication function of the rural industrial zone in Norfolk area. The city's economy has recovered briefly. The third chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the collapse and complete decline of Grand Yarmouth pillar industry in the 16 th century. Because there is little manufacturing in Grand Yarmouth, its pillar industry is still the fishing and shipping industry in which it founded the city. But it was precisely in the 16 th century that the entire British fishing industry faced great challenges. Great Yarmouth was once again defeated in the European fisheries innovation and has no hope of renaissance ever since.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 谢丰斋;12—14世纪英国小城镇兴起初探[J];世界历史;2002年04期
2 徐浩;;中世纪英国城市化水平研究[J];史学理论研究;2006年04期
，本文编号：2481422
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