杜波依斯泛非思想探析

发布时间：2019-05-24 13:35

【摘要】：威廉·爱得华·伯格哈特·杜波依斯(以下简称杜波依斯)是美国著名的黑人学者、社会活动家，他积极参加并主持召开了五次泛非大会，有力地推动了黑人解放运动的发展。杜波依斯高举泛非主义的旗帜，为非洲黑人的解放而不懈努力，以至于在很长一段时间内杜波依斯成了“泛非主义”的同义词。杜波依斯泛非思想的形成有其深刻的历史背景。一方面，美国内战的结束给了黑人更多的自由，使他有机会成长为一名黑人高级知识分子，这为他日后能够更深刻的认识黑人与世界其他有色人种受压迫的根源提供了条件；另一方面，杜波依斯个人的社会经历又使他看到黑、白两个世界事实上的不平等。这两种因素结合在一起，促使他决心为改变这种不合理的种族关系和世界秩序而奋斗。此外，前人的泛非思想也为杜波依斯提供了重要的思想来源。一战后，世界形势的变化促进了非洲人民的觉醒。1919年，杜波依斯发起并组织召开了第一届泛非大会。在这次大会上，他系统地阐述了他的泛非思想，至此，杜波依斯的泛非思想基本形成了。杜波依斯的泛非思想的内容是非常丰富的，本文撷取重点，归纳为四个方面。民族平等思想是杜波依斯泛非思想的核心部分，杜波依斯认为，20世纪的主要问题是种族界限的问题，而种族问题又是世界范围内的问题。因此要实现各民族一律平等，就必须反对一切种族谬论，为此，，杜波依斯与种族主义者进行了不屈不挠的斗争。杜波依斯的政治思想以1945年为界分为两个阶段，在第一阶段杜波依斯呼吁欧洲列强给予非洲人民参政的权力，并认为非洲人有权管理非洲。在第二阶段杜波依斯致力于非洲国家的民族解放事业，并主张非洲国家应该尽快实现政治统一。杜波依斯的经济思想是其泛非思想的重要环节，前期杜波依斯呼吁列强为非洲人的
[Abstract]:William Edwards Berghardt Dubois (hereinafter referred to as Dubois) is a famous black scholar and social activist in the United States. He actively participated in and presided over five Pan-African conferences, which effectively promoted the development of the black liberation movement. Dubois held high the banner of pan-Africans and worked so hard for the liberation of black Africans that Dubois became synonymous with "pan-Africans" for a long time. The formation of Dubois's pan-African thought has its profound historical background. On the one hand, the end of the American Civil War gave blacks more freedom and gave him the opportunity to grow into a black senior intellectual, which provided him with a deeper understanding of the root causes of oppression of blacks and other people of color in the world in the future. On the other hand, Dubois's personal social experience made him see the de facto inequality between black and white. The combination of the two factors made him determined to change this unreasonable race relationship and the world order. In addition, the previous Pan-African thought also provided an important source of thought for Dubois. After World War I, changes in the world situation contributed to the awakening of the African people. In 1919, Dubois initiated and organized the first Pan-African Congress. At this conference, he systematically expounded his pan-African thought, so that Dubois's pan-African thought was basically formed. The content of Dubois's pan-African thought is very rich, this paper abstracts the key point, sums up into four aspects. The thought of national equality is the core part of Dubois's pan-African thought. Dubois believes that the main problem in the 20th century is the problem of racial boundaries, and the problem of race is a problem in the world. Therefore, in order to achieve equality of all nations, we must oppose all racial fallacies, for which Dubois waged an indomitable struggle with racists. Dubois's political thought is divided into two stages in 1945. In the first stage, Dubois called on the European powers to give the African people the right to participate in politics and believed that Africans had the right to govern Africa. In the second stage, Dubois devoted himself to the cause of national liberation of African countries and advocated that African countries should achieve political unity as soon as possible. Dubois's economic thought is an important part of his pan-African thought. In the early stage, Dubois called on the great powers to be African.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K712.5

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