试论二战后美国政府的城市政策对城市发展的作用
发布时间：2019-06-04 07:13
【摘要】：随着美国城市化的迅速扩展,到二十世纪初期,许多大、中城市发展停滞,各种社会矛盾突显,这严重影响其城市的进一步发展。二战后,美国政府采取了许多行政干预政策,对涉及城市发展的经济、社会、环境等各个领域进行了全方位的调整。通过政府的一番努力,社会矛盾得到了缓解,城市环境有了较大的改善,城市又恢复了往日的活力,各地呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象。 本文主要分为三部分。 第一部分介绍美国城市化发展的概况。首先,简单回顾了近代美国城市化发展的过程及特点,主要包括萌芽、发展和初步扩展这三个阶段。在这一时期,美国现代城市格局基本形成。其次,重点介绍了二战后美国城市发展经历的并行发展和郊区深入扩展这两个阶段。这是美国城市在空间上取得的一个重要突破。 第二部分论述了美国政府的各项城市政策。主要有中心城市的住房政策、扶贫政策、社区开发政策等,在郊区实施的住宅分区政策、金融政策等,西部、南部的基础设施建设、工业扶持政策、科技教育政策等。 第三部分对美国政府城市政策的评价。首先是从对经济、城市繁荣和人民生活水平的积极影响方面进行评析。其次分析了该政策在实施过程中存在的诸多问题,例如种族、环境和贫富分化等问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of urbanization in the United States, by the early 20th century, the development of many large and medium-sized cities stagnated, and various social contradictions were highlighted, which seriously affected the further development of their cities. After World War II, the American government adopted many administrative intervention policies, and adjusted the economic, social, environmental and other fields related to urban development in an all-round way. Through the efforts of the government, the social contradictions have been alleviated, the urban environment has been greatly improved, the city has restored the vitality of the past, and various places have shown a prosperous scene. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the general situation of urbanization development in the United States. First of all, this paper briefly reviews the process and characteristics of urbanization in modern America, including germination, development and preliminary expansion. During this period, the modern urban pattern in the United States was basically formed. Secondly, it focuses on the parallel development of American urban development after World War II and the in-depth expansion of suburbs. This is an important breakthrough in space in American cities. The second part discusses the urban policies of the American government. There are mainly housing policies, poverty alleviation policies, community development policies, housing zoning policies, financial policies, infrastructure construction in the west and south, industrial support policies, science and technology education policies and so on. The third part is the evaluation of the urban policy of the American government. The first is to evaluate the positive impact on the economy, urban prosperity and people's living standards. Secondly, it analyzes many problems existing in the implementation of the policy, such as race, environment and the differentiation of rich and poor.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.54
本文编号：2492559
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of urbanization in the United States, by the early 20th century, the development of many large and medium-sized cities stagnated, and various social contradictions were highlighted, which seriously affected the further development of their cities. After World War II, the American government adopted many administrative intervention policies, and adjusted the economic, social, environmental and other fields related to urban development in an all-round way. Through the efforts of the government, the social contradictions have been alleviated, the urban environment has been greatly improved, the city has restored the vitality of the past, and various places have shown a prosperous scene. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the general situation of urbanization development in the United States. First of all, this paper briefly reviews the process and characteristics of urbanization in modern America, including germination, development and preliminary expansion. During this period, the modern urban pattern in the United States was basically formed. Secondly, it focuses on the parallel development of American urban development after World War II and the in-depth expansion of suburbs. This is an important breakthrough in space in American cities. The second part discusses the urban policies of the American government. There are mainly housing policies, poverty alleviation policies, community development policies, housing zoning policies, financial policies, infrastructure construction in the west and south, industrial support policies, science and technology education policies and so on. The third part is the evaluation of the urban policy of the American government. The first is to evaluate the positive impact on the economy, urban prosperity and people's living standards. Secondly, it analyzes many problems existing in the implementation of the policy, such as race, environment and the differentiation of rich and poor.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.54
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