1917-1919年美国的对俄政策研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 13:29

【摘要】： 从美国建立到19世纪末,美俄之间的关系相对友好,但不密切。19世纪末20世纪初,因为势力范围的争夺,两国关系恶化。一战爆发后,两国的关系又有所好转。但是,随着一战的持续进行,俄国的局势逐渐恶化,美国的对俄政策也陷入困境。 1917年3月,俄国爆发了二月革命,推翻了罗曼洛夫王朝。美国热情欢迎俄国民主的到来并加入了一战。为了对俄国局势施加影响,美国采取了一定的措施。但是俄国还是出现了美国所不愿看到的局面——十月革命爆发。为巩固政权,新生的苏维埃政府决定退出这场帝国主义战争,美国的外交因此陷入了困境——既要阻止俄国退出战争,又要坚持反布尔什维克,还要防止日本趁机侵占俄国。美国在经历了观望、犹豫后,最终走上了武装干涉俄国的道路。1918年11月,一战结束,协约国打败了同盟国,俄国没有落入德国之手。但苏维埃政府逐渐稳定、巩固了政权,并且十月革命的影响传播到了世界各地。面对棘手的“俄罗斯问题”,美国又调整了其对俄政策。本文主要是对1917—1919年的美国对俄政策进行考察,关注政策的形成过程,揭示美国对俄政策的特点,分析其原因,最后论述了威尔逊政府的对俄政策影响。
[Abstract]:From the founding of the United States to the end of the 19th century, the relations between the United States and Russia were relatively friendly, but not close. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the relations between the two countries deteriorated because of the struggle for sphere of influence. After the outbreak of World War I, the relations between the two countries improved again. However, with the continuation of World War I, the situation in Russia is gradually deteriorating, and the American policy towards Russia is also in trouble. In March 1917, the February revolution broke out in Russia, overthrowing the Romanov dynasty. The United States warmly welcomed the arrival of Russian democracy and joined the first World War. In order to exert influence on the situation in Russia, the United States has taken certain measures. But there was a situation in Russia that the United States did not want to see-the October Revolution broke out. In order to consolidate the regime, the new Soviet government decided to withdraw from the imperialist war, and American diplomacy was in trouble-not only to stop Russia from pulling out of the war, but also to insist on opposing the Bolsheviks, and to prevent Japan from taking the opportunity to invade Russia. After waiting and hesitating, the United States finally embarked on the path of armed intervention in Russia. In November 1918, at the end of World War I, the allies defeated the allies and Russia did not fall into the hands of Germany. But the Soviet government gradually stabilized, consolidated the regime, and the influence of the October Revolution spread around the world. In the face of the thorny "Russian issue," the United States has adjusted its policy towards Russia. This paper mainly investigates the American policy towards Russia from 1917 to 1919, pays attention to the formation process of the policy, reveals the characteristics of the American policy towards Russia, analyzes its reasons, and finally discusses the influence of the Wilson government's policy towards Russia.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712

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