铁托执政时期美国对南斯拉夫的政策研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 21:02

【摘要】： 铁托执政时期美国对南斯拉夫的政策是冷战时期美国对外政策中的一个重要组成部分。意识形态上的分野使东西方在20世纪40年代中后期陷入了激烈的矛盾与冲突之中,并导致了随后长达半个世纪的冷战。在泾渭分明的东西方利益分界线下,一些国家所处的地缘位置以及其政治态度是相当微妙的。它们成为两大阵营间相互挖角的目标,也是美苏在第三世界争夺中的对象及“同盟者”。而铁托执政下的南斯拉夫就是一个这样的国家。奉行着以马克思列宁主义为代表的共产主义意识形态,在国内政治上实行社会主义制度的南斯拉夫社会主义人民共和国,其与美国的关系在铁托执政时期经历了一波三折的发展。在英美大力支持下建立起的铁托政权,建国初期即与西方反目;但苏南冲突后与美国关系逐渐修复;而由于赫鲁晓夫上台后苏南关系得到改善又导致美国对南在外交政策倾向上产生猜疑;最后又因为1968年苏联入侵捷克斯洛伐克使苏南关系再次降到冰点而使美南关系得到回暖并全面发展。纵观近35年美国对南政策的发展,苏南关系一直是影响该政策变动的重要因素。在勾画出铁托执政时期美国对南政策发展进程的同时,本文分别对美南关系中的主要内容及影响美国对南政策中的重要因素进行分析。这包括两国关系中“永恒的”主题——经济与军事上的合作以及影响美国对南政策的主要“变量”——苏南关系的发展。除此之外,对南斯拉夫国内政治走向的关注,也是美国对南政策中的目标和任务。最后,20世纪60、70年代兴起的不结盟运动,也为该时期美国对南政策增添了新的内容。回顾和研究铁托执政时期美国对南斯拉夫的政策,其意义在于它不仅使人们了解到在冷战期间美国是如何在意识形态与冷战利益(即长期与短期目标)之间取得妥协与平衡,与一个社会主义国家进行来往;也从另一个角度学习到一个小国是如何在大国的夹缝中得以生存,进而在外交上开辟新的领域,特别是在高度对抗的冷战环境下。对于当今中国,在依旧坚持走社会主义道路的前提下,如何与美国进行更好的交往,南斯拉夫的经验和教训无疑对我们未来的行动有所裨益。
[Abstract]:During Tito's reign, American policy towards Yugoslavia was an important part of American foreign policy during the Cold War. The ideological division made the East and the West fall into fierce contradictions and conflicts in the middle and late 1940s, and led to the cold war for half a century. Under the clear line of interest between the East and the West, the geographical position and political attitude of some countries are quite subtle. They have become the target of mutual excavation between the two camps, and they are also the targets and allies of the United States and the Soviet Union in the third world competition. Yugoslavia, under Tito, is such a country. The Socialist people's Republic of Yugoslavia, which pursues a communist ideology represented by Marxism-Leninism and practices a socialist system in domestic politics, Its relationship with the United States has experienced twists and turns during Tito's administration. The Tito regime, established with the strong support of Britain and the United States, was opposed to the West at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, but the relationship with the United States was gradually repaired after the conflict between the south of the Soviet Union and the United States. However, due to the improvement of Soviet-South relations after Khrushchev came to power, the United States had suspicions about the foreign policy tendency of South China. Finally, because of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the relations between South Jiangsu and South Jiangsu fell to freezing point again, so that the relations between the United States and South China were warmed and developed in an all-round way. Looking at the development of American policy towards South China in the past 35 years, the relationship between Jiangsu and South has always been an important factor affecting the change of the policy. While sketching the development process of American policy towards South China during Tito's administration, this paper analyzes the main contents of US-South relations and the important factors affecting the US policy towards South China. This includes the "eternal" theme of bilateral relations-economic and military cooperation and the development of South Jiangsu relations, the main "variable" that affects the US policy towards South Africa. In addition, paying attention to the domestic political trend of Yugoslavia is also the goal and task of the United States policy towards Yugoslavia. Finally, in 1960, the non-aligned Movement, which rose in 1970 s, also added new content to American policy towards South China during that period. The significance of reviewing and studying the policy of the United States towards Yugoslavia during Tito's reign is that it not only makes people understand how the United States struck a compromise and balance between ideology and cold war interests (that is, long-term and short-term goals) during the Cold War. To engage in exchanges with a socialist country; From another point of view, we can learn how a small country can survive in the gap of great powers, and then open up new fields in diplomacy, especially in the highly antagonistic cold war environment. For today's China, on the premise that it still adheres to the socialist road and how to carry out better exchanges with the United States, the experience and lessons of Yugoslavia will undoubtedly be beneficial to our future actions.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5;K543.54

【共引文献】