1922-1953年苏联的语言政策

发布时间：2019-06-11 09:43

【摘要】：本文以1922—1953年苏联的语言政策为研究对象,首先论述了苏联民族语言的基本状况,其次将这时期的语言政策分为1922—1938年、1938—1953年两个阶段,探讨了两个阶段语言政策制定的背景、实施过程及主要影响。总之,苏联的语言政策经历了由各民族语言平等到强化俄语的政策。在列宁提倡的各民族语言平等原则下,苏维埃政权实施了一系列措施,使得民族语言出现了短暂的发展。列宁的语言政策即便未能很好的贯彻执行,但至少保证了民族母语的使用权。作为企图调和非俄罗斯人民和苏维埃政权的一种政治策略,这可能是最好的政策,它确实产生了积极的影响。30年代后期,斯大林也一直打着“各民族语言平等”的口号,但是实际上,语言政策的实施表明政策已向推广俄语化迈进了。政策的实施使得民族语言学校迅速减少,许多民族语言处在灭绝的边缘。30年代后期,推广的俄语政策为后来俄语同化政策奠定了基础,同时也为苏联解体埋下了潜在的危机。
[Abstract]:Based on the language policy of the Soviet Union in 1922 and 1953, this paper first discusses the basic situation of the national language of the Soviet Union, and then divides the language policy of the period into 1922,1938,1938 and 1953, and discusses the background of the two-stage language policy development. Implementation process and main impact. In short, the Soviet language policy has experienced a policy of equal access to the strengthening of Russian by the various ethnic languages. Under the principle of the equality of the national languages advocated by Lenin, the Soviet regime implemented a series of measures to make the national language develop briefly. Lenin's language policy has not been implemented well, but at least the right to use the native language is guaranteed. As a political strategy to try to reconcile the non-Russian people and the Soviet regime, this could be the best policy, and it did have a positive impact. In the late 1930s, Stalin has always been the slogan of the "equality of the nations", but in fact, The implementation of language policy has shown that the policy has been moving towards the promotion of the Russian language. The implementation of the policy has led to the rapid decline of the national language schools, and many of the national languages are in the brink of extinction. In the late 1930s, the promotion of the Russian policy laid the foundation for later Russian assimilation, and also laid down a potential crisis for the collapse of the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K512.5

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