第一届艾森豪威尔政府南亚援助政策研究
发布时间：2019-07-10 12:08
【摘要】： 冷战时期,美国出于本国安全利益的考虑,为了“遏制”共产主义的发展,对苏联集团形成战略包围,开始重视南亚地区的战略地位,加大对南亚地区国家的援助。在第一届艾森豪威尔政府时期,美国在NSC5409号文件的指导下,力图在南亚建立地区防御体系,极力拉拢南亚国家加入美国战略联盟。随着美国与巴基斯坦结成“亲密”的战略伙伴关系,南亚地区局势越发复杂。由于与巴基斯坦的固有矛盾,印度和阿富汗逐渐疏远美国,苏联趁机通过大规模的经济渗透扩大在南亚的势力。在这种情况下,美国采取了用经济技术援助为主,军事援助和信息教育交流为辅的政策不断加强美国在南亚地位和影响力。 本文以唯物主义历史观为指导,运用国家利益、地缘政治等国际关系理论,运用历史学的研究方法解析艾森豪威尔政府时期有关南亚政策的国家档案和文献,力图揭示第一届艾森豪威尔政府时期美国对南亚援助政策的全貌。该政策作为美国冷战战略的组成部分,其实质是美国利用南亚地区的战略位置,巩固其地区安全防御体系,遏制苏联和中国的产物。 全文由三部分组成: 第一部分:分析了第一届艾森豪威尔政府南亚援助政策出台的原因以及背景。包括:国际形势以及美国对外援助政策的形成;冷战初期南亚的形势;NSC98/1号文件的出台以及杜鲁门政府时期对南亚的政策。 第二部分:着重分析指导第一届艾森豪威尔政府时期美国南亚政策的NSC5409系列文件。包括:艾森豪威尔时期国家对外政策的转变;SE-32、NIE-79对上一阶段南亚形势的评估;NSC5409号文件的出台;第一届艾森豪威尔政府对南亚援助政策的实施,包括经济援助、军事援助和信息教育援助等方面 第三部分:对这一时期美国政府的南亚援助政策进行了评价。叙述了美国对南亚政策的特点和影响。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, for the sake of its own security interests, the United States, in order to "curb" the development of communism, formed a strategic siege on the Soviet bloc, began to attach importance to the strategic position of South Asia, and increased its assistance to countries in South Asia. During the first Eisenhower administration, under the guidance of document NSC5409, the United States tried to establish a regional defense system in South Asia and tried its best to attract South Asian countries to join the United States Strategic Alliance. With the close strategic partnership between the United States and Pakistan, the situation in South Asia is becoming more and more complex. As a result of inherent contradictions with Pakistan and the gradual alienation of India and Afghanistan from the United States, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to expand its presence in South Asia through large-scale economic infiltration. Under such circumstances, the United States has adopted a policy of using economic and technical assistance, supplemented by military assistance and information education exchange, to continuously strengthen the position and influence of the United States in South Asia. Under the guidance of materialist view of history, this paper analyzes the national archives and literature on South Asia policy during the Eisenhower administration by using the theories of international relations such as national interests and geopolitics, and tries to reveal the whole picture of American aid policy to South Asia during the first Eisenhower administration. As an integral part of the Cold War strategy of the United States, the essence of this policy is that the United States makes use of the strategic position of South Asia to consolidate its regional security defense system and contain the products of the Soviet Union and China. The full text is composed of three parts: the first part: analyzes the reasons and background of the first Eisenhower administration's South Asia aid policy. Including: the international situation and the formation of American foreign aid policy; the situation in South Asia at the beginning of the Cold War; the introduction of document NSC98/1 and the policy towards South Asia during the Truman government. The second part focuses on the analysis of the NSC5409 series of documents guiding the South Asia policy of the United States during the first Eisenhower administration. Including: the transformation of national foreign policy in Eisenhower period; the evaluation of the situation in South Asia by SE-32,NIE-79; the introduction of document NSC5409; the implementation of the aid policy in South Asia by the first Eisenhower administration, including economic assistance, military assistance and information education assistance; the third part: the evaluation of the South Asian aid policy of the US government during this period. This paper describes the characteristics and influence of American policy towards South Asia.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712
本文编号：2512594
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, for the sake of its own security interests, the United States, in order to "curb" the development of communism, formed a strategic siege on the Soviet bloc, began to attach importance to the strategic position of South Asia, and increased its assistance to countries in South Asia. During the first Eisenhower administration, under the guidance of document NSC5409, the United States tried to establish a regional defense system in South Asia and tried its best to attract South Asian countries to join the United States Strategic Alliance. With the close strategic partnership between the United States and Pakistan, the situation in South Asia is becoming more and more complex. As a result of inherent contradictions with Pakistan and the gradual alienation of India and Afghanistan from the United States, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to expand its presence in South Asia through large-scale economic infiltration. Under such circumstances, the United States has adopted a policy of using economic and technical assistance, supplemented by military assistance and information education exchange, to continuously strengthen the position and influence of the United States in South Asia. Under the guidance of materialist view of history, this paper analyzes the national archives and literature on South Asia policy during the Eisenhower administration by using the theories of international relations such as national interests and geopolitics, and tries to reveal the whole picture of American aid policy to South Asia during the first Eisenhower administration. As an integral part of the Cold War strategy of the United States, the essence of this policy is that the United States makes use of the strategic position of South Asia to consolidate its regional security defense system and contain the products of the Soviet Union and China. The full text is composed of three parts: the first part: analyzes the reasons and background of the first Eisenhower administration's South Asia aid policy. Including: the international situation and the formation of American foreign aid policy; the situation in South Asia at the beginning of the Cold War; the introduction of document NSC98/1 and the policy towards South Asia during the Truman government. The second part focuses on the analysis of the NSC5409 series of documents guiding the South Asia policy of the United States during the first Eisenhower administration. Including: the transformation of national foreign policy in Eisenhower period; the evaluation of the situation in South Asia by SE-32,NIE-79; the introduction of document NSC5409; the implementation of the aid policy in South Asia by the first Eisenhower administration, including economic assistance, military assistance and information education assistance; the third part: the evaluation of the South Asian aid policy of the US government during this period. This paper describes the characteristics and influence of American policy towards South Asia.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712
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