文明进步的尺度:美国社会森林观念的变迁及其影响
发布时间：2019-07-25 06:46
【摘要】：受欧洲文化传统影响,美国人曾将森林视为"野蛮"的象征和"文明"的对立物。这一观念为美国人的毁林行为提供了伦理上的正义性。但随着毁林所带来的生态和社会后果日益凸显,美国社会对森林的态度也从原来的敌视转向欣赏,这种认知转变为后来的森林保护运动做出了舆论准备。以缪尔为首的自然保护派和以平肖为首的资源保护派之间的分歧,不仅反映出二者关于森林保护的目的、道路和手段之间的差异,也体现了生态中心主义和人类中心主义两种保护理念的差别。在森林观念发生转变的同时,美国社会对植树造林活动的认识也经历了一番变化,从早年试图改变气候、防治水土流失和砍伐地复植等针对性很强的保护活动,日益沦为掩盖美国社会破坏森林行为、对环境过度索取的奢靡性消费方式的工具。
[Abstract]:Influenced by European cultural traditions, Americans used to regard forests as symbols of barbarism and opposites of civilization. This concept provides ethical justice for American deforestation. However, with the ecological and social consequences of deforestation becoming more and more prominent, the attitude of American society towards forest has changed from hostility to appreciation, and this cognition has changed into the preparation of public opinion for the later forest protection movement. The differences between the nature conservationists headed by Muir and the resource conservationists headed by Pinshaw not only reflect the differences between the two schools on the purpose, road and means of forest protection, but also reflect the differences between the two conservation concepts of ecocentrism and humanitarianism. At the same time, the concept of forest has changed, and the understanding of afforestation activities in American society has also undergone some changes, from the early years trying to change the climate, preventing and controlling soil and water loss and replanting land and other targeted conservation activities, has increasingly become a tool to cover up the behavior of forest destruction and excessive demand for the environment in the United States.
【作者单位】： 南开大学世界近现代史研究中心;
【基金】：教育部重点研究基地重大招标课题《美国历史上的社会转型研究》(项目编号:16JJD770027)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K712
本文编号：2518912
[Abstract]:Influenced by European cultural traditions, Americans used to regard forests as symbols of barbarism and opposites of civilization. This concept provides ethical justice for American deforestation. However, with the ecological and social consequences of deforestation becoming more and more prominent, the attitude of American society towards forest has changed from hostility to appreciation, and this cognition has changed into the preparation of public opinion for the later forest protection movement. The differences between the nature conservationists headed by Muir and the resource conservationists headed by Pinshaw not only reflect the differences between the two schools on the purpose, road and means of forest protection, but also reflect the differences between the two conservation concepts of ecocentrism and humanitarianism. At the same time, the concept of forest has changed, and the understanding of afforestation activities in American society has also undergone some changes, from the early years trying to change the climate, preventing and controlling soil and water loss and replanting land and other targeted conservation activities, has increasingly become a tool to cover up the behavior of forest destruction and excessive demand for the environment in the United States.
【作者单位】： 南开大学世界近现代史研究中心;
【基金】：教育部重点研究基地重大招标课题《美国历史上的社会转型研究》(项目编号:16JJD770027)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K712
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