中世纪西欧城市与城乡关系的转型

发布时间：2019-08-13 11:12

【摘要】：中世纪欧洲城乡关系是对立关系,这是一种辩证的对立统一关系。从经济生活层面看,中世纪西欧城乡是共生和互动的:农村向城市供应资源,城市为农村提供工商服务。更重要的是,在这种共存与互动的静态表象下,城市实际上导引着城乡关系向近代方向的转变。城市最初以极具渗透力的商品货币关系,侵蚀着乡村的农本经济,解构了乡村的封建关系。而当城市因其一定的封建属性而束缚了自身发展时,城市要素又向农村转移,促使乡村工业兴旺,客观上强化了城市和城市资本对农村的支配力,并使乡村逐渐变成城市的依附者和从属物。在乡村工业基础上形成的新型城市,成为这些乡村工业区的控制中心,近代的乡村城市化模式由此诞生。
[Abstract]:In the Middle Ages, the relationship between urban and rural areas in Europe was antagonistic, which was a dialectical unity of opposites. From the point of view of economic life, the urban and rural areas of Western Europe in the Middle Ages were symbiotic and interactive: the countryside supplied resources to the city, and the city provided industrial and commercial services to the countryside. More importantly, under this static representation of coexistence and interaction, cities actually guide the transformation of urban-rural relations to modern times. At first, the city eroded the rural agricultural economy with a very permeable commodity-monetary relationship, and the feudal relationship in the countryside was deconstructed. When the city restricts its own development because of its certain feudal attributes, the urban elements transfer to the countryside, which promotes the prosperity of the rural industry, objectively strengthens the dominance of the city and urban capital over the countryside, and makes the countryside gradually become the dependent and subordinate of the city. The new city formed on the basis of rural industry has become the control center of these rural industrial areas, from which the modern rural urbanization model was born.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院、历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“欧洲农村城镇化进程及借鉴意义研究”(批准文号:14JZD038)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K503

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