初中生认知能力对学业成就的影响

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:52

本文选题：认知能力　切入点：学业成就　出处：《心理科学》2015年01期

【摘要】：本研究使用"中国儿童青少年心理发育特征调查"项目所编制的测验工具,对9所初级中学7、8年级共4843名学生进行了认知能力、语文与数学学业成就测试。研究结果表明,选择性注意、短时记忆、空间能力和推理能力都是语文和数学成就的显著预测变量,但不同能力对不同学科的作用大小及作用机制存在差异。对于语文成就来说,四种能力的作用由大到小依次为推理能力、短时记忆、空间能力和选择性注意;对于数学成就来说,则依次为推理能力、空间能力、短时记忆和选择性注意。而且,各种能力对数学成就的影响都大于对语文成就的影响。此外,在不同能力对语文和数学成就的影响机制上,虽然基础认知能力都通过高级认知能力对学业成就产生影响:选择性注意对学业成就的影响是完全通过短时记忆和空间能力进而通过推理能力间接发生的,短时记忆对学业成就的影响主要是通过空间能力和推理能力间接发生的,空间能力对学业成就的影响是完全通过推理能力间接发生的,推理能力直接对学业成就产生影响,但这种机制在不同学科间也有差异。
[Abstract]:In this study, a total of 4843 students in 78 grades of 9 junior middle schools were tested on their cognitive ability, Chinese and mathematics academic achievement by using the test tools developed by the "investigation of Mental Development characteristics of Chinese Children and adolescents".The results show that selective attention, short-term memory, spatial ability and reasoning ability are significant predictors of Chinese and mathematical achievements, but different abilities have different effects on different disciplines and their mechanisms.For Chinese achievement, the four abilities are reasoning ability, short-term memory, spatial ability and selective attention, while for mathematical achievement, they are reasoning ability, spatial ability, and so on.Short-term memory and selective attention.Moreover, the influence of various abilities on mathematical achievement is greater than that on Chinese achievement.In addition, in terms of the impact of different competencies on language and mathematical achievements,Although basic cognitive ability has an impact on academic achievement through advanced cognitive ability: the influence of selective attention on academic achievement occurs indirectly through the ability of short-term memory and space and then through reasoning ability.The influence of short-term memory on academic achievement is mainly indirect through spatial ability and reasoning ability. The influence of spatial ability on academic achievement is completely indirect through reasoning ability, and reasoning ability has direct impact on academic achievement.But this mechanism also varies from subject to subject.
【作者单位】：浙江理工大学心理学系;认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京师范大学;北京市第十二中学;中国儿童青少年心理发育调查项目组;
【分类号】：B842.1

【共引文献】