青少年网络受欺负与自尊、焦虑的关系及干预研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 17:35

【摘要】：随着网络通讯技术的革新和普及,一种新型的欺负方式——网络欺负在近几年成为心理学研究者关注的焦点。网络欺负现象普遍存在,并对个体(尤其是青少年)的身心健康以及社会适应都产生了显著的消极影响,更是引起了社会各界的广泛担忧。网络欺负是指通过利用电子或数字媒体,某一个体或者群体有意反复地传播充满敌意或攻击性的信息的行为。网络受欺负可以被界定为个体在使用电子或数字媒体过程中受到其他个体或群体重复性的有意伤害的现象。网络受欺负作为一种风险性因子,对个体的心理健康、社会功能适应以及行为问题都产生了重要影响,如网络受欺负者经常会体验到被嘲笑、忽视、沮丧和愤怒的情绪,并产生焦虑和抑郁症状。网络受欺负还会降低个体的自尊和自我价值感,并引起睡眠困难、学业成绩下降等问题,甚至导致自杀意念以及自伤行为的发生。大量研究已证实,网络受欺负会导致焦虑情绪的产生,但是很少有研究从保护性的角度来探讨网络受欺负影响个体焦虑的内部机制。自尊作为一种内部心理资源,在负性生活事件和心理社会适应变量之间的缓冲作用已得到了相关理论的支持和大量研究的证实。基于此,本研究拟探讨自尊在网络受欺负与焦虑之间的中介作用并制定团体心理辅导方案来对网络受欺负的后效进行干预。具体而言,本研究主要包括两部分:子研究1拟在中国文化背景下,探讨网络受欺负在青少年群体中的基本特征以及网络受欺负与青少年焦虑的关系,并在此基础上进一步考察自尊的中介作用;子研究2拟采用团体辅导方式对网络受欺负青少年的自尊和焦虑水平进行干预,探讨可行的缓解网络受欺负青少年焦虑的干预方案。子研究1采用问卷调查法,对武汉市某中学的428名学生进行调查,考察了青少年的网络受欺负经历、自尊水平和焦虑水平,并使用SPSS 23.0和SPSS PROCESS对数据进行分析。结果表明:(1)网络受欺负正向预测青少年焦虑;(2)自尊在网络受欺负与青少年焦虑之间起部分中介作用。在子研究1的研究基础上,子研究2制定了针对网络受欺负后效的团体辅导方案,并采用实验组-对照组前后测方法进行检验。结果显示:(1)通过团体心理辅导干预,被试自尊水平显著提高,焦虑水平明显降低;(2)对照组被试在前测和后测两次测试中,其自尊水平和焦虑水平都没有发生显著变化;(3)对实验组进行追踪调查,结果发现,三个月后实验组被试的自尊水平显著高于前测的自尊水平,且三个月后的焦虑水平显著低于前测的焦虑水平。最后,阐述了本项研究的理论价值和实践意义,提出了研究的不足之处并进行了反思和总结,提出未来研究的方向与设想。
[Abstract]:With the innovation and popularization of network communication technology, a new type of bullying-network bullying has become the focus of psychological researchers in recent years. The phenomenon of online bullying exists widely and has a significant negative impact on the physical and mental health of individuals (especially adolescents) and social adaptation. It has caused widespread concern in all walks of life. Cyberbullying refers to the deliberate and repeated communication of hostile or offensive information by an individual or a group through the use of electronic or digital media. Online bullying can be defined as the intentional injury of individuals who are repeatedly injured by other individuals or groups in the process of using electronic or digital media. Online bullying, as a risk factor, has a significant impact on individuals' mental health, social function adaptation, and behavioural problems, such as online bullies who often experience mockery, neglect, frustration and anger. It also produces symptoms of anxiety and depression. Being bullied on the Internet can also reduce the self-esteem and self-worth of individuals, and cause problems such as difficulty in sleep, decline in academic performance, and even the occurrence of suicidal ideation and self-injury behavior. A large number of studies have confirmed that bullying on the Internet can lead to anxiety, but few studies have explored the internal mechanism of anxiety in individuals affected by Internet bullying from the perspective of protection. Self-esteem as an internal psychological resource, the buffer between negative life events and psychosocial adaptation variables has been supported by relevant theories and confirmed by a large number of studies. Based on this, this study aims to explore the intermediary role of self-esteem between online bullying and anxiety, and formulate a group counseling program to intervene the after-effects of online bullying. Specifically, this study mainly consists of two parts: sub-study 1 in the context of Chinese culture, to explore the basic characteristics of online bullying in youth groups and the relationship between online bullying and adolescent anxiety. On the basis of this, we further investigate the intermediary role of self-esteem. Second, we intend to use group counseling to intervene the self-esteem and anxiety level of online bullied adolescents, and to explore feasible intervention programs to alleviate the anxiety of online bullied adolescents. In sub-study 1, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 428 students in a middle school in Wuhan. The experiences of online bullying, self-esteem and anxiety were investigated, and SPSS 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS were used to analyze the data. The results showed that: (1) Internet bullying positively predicted adolescent anxiety; (2) Self-esteem played an intermediary role between online bullying and adolescent anxiety. On the basis of the study of sub-study 1, sub-study 2 established a group counseling program for the effect of network bullying, and used the test group and control group before and after the test method to test. The results showed that: (1) the self-esteem level and anxiety level of the subjects were significantly increased through group psychological counseling intervention, and (2) the subjects in the control group were tested before and after the two tests. The level of self-esteem and anxiety did not change significantly. (3) the results showed that the level of self-esteem in experimental group was significantly higher than that in pre-test group after three months. After 3 months, anxiety level was significantly lower than pre-test anxiety level. Finally, this paper expounds the theoretical value and practical significance of this study, puts forward the deficiencies of the study, and makes a reflection and summary, and puts forward the direction and assumption of the future research.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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