先秦黄老学的结构性演进及其相关问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 04:10

本文关键词：先秦黄老学的结构性演进及其相关问题研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “黄老”作为一种流行于汉初的政治思潮而为人习知，其先秦形态则较少受到关注。马王堆帛书的出土改变了这一状况，，学者们围绕黄老帛书对黄老学的形成年代及思想内涵等问题展开讨论，并以此为基准，重新检视先秦旧籍，划定一批黄老作品加以研究。前人的研究使先秦黄老学的轮廓日渐明晰，关于黄老作品的文本注释与分析也为后来者提供了便利。但是研究空间依然存在，如异说纷纭有待进一步比勘梳理；关于其思想上的研究多就世界观、辩证法、政治论等方面作切块分析而缺少整体结构上的系统分析等等。本文即针对这些问题，从整体上把握黄老之学，从黄老学的结构体系上观察其在先秦的发展演变，同时对黄老学的兴起、理论框架、思想内涵及历史地位等相关问题作一番梳理。正文主要分三部分：第一章从《史记》入手分析“黄老”一词的所指及其理论框架、思想内涵，并概述其在先秦发生发展的轨迹。“黄老”大抵同于“道家”，与老子属于同一系统，而与庄子一派有别。其思想框架是以道论为基础向社会与人生落实而形成一套治国与治身理论。具体包括虚无为本的道体论；因循为用的道用论；因守时变，君臣分职，循名责实的治国论；清虚自守，免劳形神的治身论。黄老学是假托黄帝对老子的学说加以改造而形成的，由《老子》经《黄老帛书》到《管子》四篇代表黄老学发展的一个基本脉络。第二章以先秦黄老学的经典文本《黄老帛书》、《管子》四篇为例，从黄老学的结构体系上分析其在先秦的发展演变。《老子》首先确立了先秦黄老学的基本框架，即以道论为基础的治国论与治身论的结合。道论上，道具有宇宙本原和客观规律两层意义。道被约化为两种原则，即“道法自然”与“反者道之动”。贯彻到社会人生，形成“无为而治”的治国论与“致虚守静”的治身论。《黄老帛书》在老子的理论框架下，对其内涵进行改造。道论上，改被动服从天道为主动顺应时变；治国论上，提出“道生法”的命题，刑德并用的主张及一套形名理论；治身论上，强调贵守柔雌的同时肯定了“争”的意义。《管子》四篇代表先秦黄老学的内在演变。道论上，将形上之道具象化而为精气，并与“心”相关联，使人能透过治心获致道，大大拉近了道与人的距离。治国论上，提出礼法结合思想，进一步将礼纳入“道”的范畴；同时提出形名理论与因应无为之术，更为明确地论述了君无为臣有为的君术思想。治身论上围绕如何聚养精气的问题提出了一套治心与养生的治身理论。第三章从先秦学术发展史的角度衡估黄老学的地位。主要选取庄子后学、儒家之荀子及法家之韩非同黄老思想作比较，意在突出其所受黄老学之影响，以见出先秦黄老学的重要地位。
[Abstract]:Huang Lao, as a popular political trend of thought in the early Han Dynasty, received less attention in the pre-Qin period. The unearthed silk books of Mawangdui changed this situation. Scholars around Huang Lao silk book on the formation of Huanglaoxue and ideological content and other issues discussed, and on this basis, re-examine the old books of the pre-Qin Dynasty. The former studies made the outline of Huang-Lao school clear day by day, and the text annotation and analysis of Huang Lao's works also provided convenience for the latecomers. But the research space still exists. Such as different theories need to be further compared to sort out; The research on his thought is mainly about the world outlook, dialectics, political theory and so on, but lacks the systematic analysis of the whole structure, etc. This paper aims at these problems, and grasps Huang Lao's study from the whole. The development and evolution of Huang-Lao school in the pre-Qin period were observed from the perspective of its structural system. At the same time, the rise, theoretical framework, ideological connotation and historical status of Huang-Lao school were combed. The main body is divided into three parts: The first chapter analyzes the meaning of the word "Huang Lao" and its theoretical framework, ideological connotation, and outlines the track of its development in the pre-Qin period. "Huang Lao" is probably the same as "Taoism". It belongs to the same system as Laozi, and is different from Zhuangzi's school. Its ideological framework is to form a set of theory of governing the country and governing body on the basis of Taoism to society and life, including the theory of Taoism based on nothingness; The theory of Taoism used according to the principle; Due to the change of punctuality, the monarch and minister divided their duties and duties, followed by the name of the state of the country; The theory of self-defense of Qing vacuity and exemption from fatigue. Huang-Lao 's theory is formed by the transformation of Laozi's theory under the false trust of Huangdi. From "Lao Zi" through "Huang Lao silk book" to "Guanzi" four articles represent a basic thread of Huang Lao's development. The second chapter takes the classic text of Huanglao School of Pre-Qin Dynasty < Huang Lao silk book > and the four parts of Guanzi as examples. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of Huang-Lao School from the perspective of its structure system. Laozi first established the basic framework of Huang-Lao School of Pre-Qin Dynasty, that is, the combination of the theory of governing the country and the theory of governing the body based on the theory of Taoism. Props have two meanings: the origin of the universe and the objective law. The Tao is reduced to two principles, namely, "the Tao is natural" and "the movement of the anti-Tao", which is carried out into the society and life. The theory of governing the country without doing what is done and the theory of governing the body that "leads to the virtual keeping of quiet". Under the framework of Laozi's theory, the Huang Lao silk book reconstructs its connotation. In the Taoism theory, the passive obedience is changed from the heavenly way to the active adaptation to the time-varying. In the theory of governing the country, the proposition of "Daosheng Law", the proposition of using punishment and virtue and a set of theory of form and name are put forward. In the theory of governing body, the author emphasizes the importance of "contention" while emphasizing the importance of keeping the feminine female. "Guanzi" four articles represent the internal evolution of the Huang-Lao school of the pre-Qin Dynasty. In the theory of Taoism, the Tao on the form is embodied into the essence of the spirit and is related to the "heart". In the theory of governing the country, we put forward the thought of combining etiquette and law, and further brought the propriety into the category of "Tao". At the same time, the author puts forward the theory of form and name and the technique of responding to inaction, and discusses more clearly the thought of monarchical technique in which the monarch does not act as a minister. On the theory of governing body, the author puts forward a set of theory of governing the mind and health around the problem of how to gather and nourish the vital energy. The third chapter from the perspective of the pre-Qin academic development to assess the status of Huang-Lao school. Mainly selected Zhuangzi, Confucianism Xunzi and Legalist Han Fei and Huang Lao thought to highlight the influence of Huang Lao. In order to see the important position of the pre-Qin Huang-Lao school.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】