从康熙历狱看清初士人的西学观

发布时间：2018-01-04 16:21

本文关键词：从康熙历狱看清初士人的西学观　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 西学东渐发生在明末清初这样一个特定的时代,其时政治、社会、思想、学术各方面均经历着剧烈的变动。本文以康熙历狱为背景,通过个案的比较与综合分析,考察清初士人对待西学的立场观点及其对清代学术文化所造成的影响,探究清初中西文化交融的历史轨迹。耶稣会士以传播天主教为媒介,拉开了第一波西学东渐的历史序幕。传教士们企图用“宗教”和“天主教义”来对抗中国古老的文化,由于中西文化的内涵不同,中西文化的碰撞不可避免。双方从统一的观念出发,力图同化对方。最终,东西方思维方式的差别导致了“康熙历狱”的爆发。康熙历狱实质是中西文化交流、碰撞的集中体现,历狱事件是天儒冲突的必然结果。康熙历狱爆发后,清初士人对此事表现出来截然不同的两种态度。一部分士人对杨光先反西学的作法强烈反对,其代表人物有王士祯,他大力推崇梅文鼎的兼同中西之学的观点,主张“会通中西”,“中西超胜”。一部分士人对杨光先反西学的作法则表示同情与支持,如彭孙贻、陆陇其等人。康熙中后期士人对西法与西教的态度转变,反映出中西文化在清初经历了猛烈碰撞后,正逐步走向冷静与理性。清初士人的西学观不外乎反教、奉教和折衷三种情况。与此相关联在思想观念上体现为持中斥西、西学中源等思想倾向。持中斥西者对天主教的排斥并非简单的仇外心理所致,一方面是持中斥西者以一种逆向思维考虑问题,另一方面是他们的文化本位主义心态在作怪。西学中源说鼓荡不息,对中国文化发展产生了深刻影响。中西文化的交流是一个历久弥新的课题,无论现在或将来都会成为许多文化研究者所关心的重大课题。世界上存在的多元文化的交流与互动,其地位应当是平等的,文化研究者都应当作出历史、客观的反思。只有这样,才能更好地促进人类文明的健康发展。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of such a specific era, in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty in political, social, ideological, academic aspects are experiencing dramatic changes. Based on the background of the Kangxi calendar prison, through case comparison and comprehensive analysis, the influence of intellectuals in early Qing Dynasty towards Western standpoint and point of academic culture in Qing Dynasty caused. The history of Chinese and Western cultures. In the early Qing Dynasty to explore
Jesus fellow to the spread of Catholicism as the media, opened the prelude to the history of the first wave. The missionaries tried to use the "religion" and "Catholic" against China ancient culture, the connotation of Chinese and Western cultures, the inevitable collision between Chinese and Western culture. Both sides starting from the unified concept of trying to assimilate each other. In the end, what thinking pattern differences result in the Kangxi calendar prison "broke out. Kangxi calendar prison essence is the communication of Chinese and Western culture, embodies the collision, event calendar prison is the inevitable result of tianru conflict.
The Kangxi calendar prison after the outbreak of this show of intellectuals in early Qing Dynasty. Two kinds of attitude of different part of scholars strongly opposed to Yang Guangxian anti Western approach, the representative of Wang Shizhen, who advocates Mei and with Chinese and western theories, that will pass the west "," western leadmax "part. Anti western scholars for Yang Guangxian as rule of sympathy and support, such as Peng Sunyi, Kangxi, et al. Longqi land in transformation of Western and Western scholars in late teaching attitude, reflects the western culture experienced a violent collision in the early Qing Dynasty, is gradually calm and rational.
The concept of Western intellectuals in early Qing Dynasty is nothing more than anti Christian, Christian and eclectic three cases. Associated with this idea is reflected in the west to denounce, source of western ideological tendencies. Xenophobia in the west to exclusion caused by Catholic exclusion is not simple, one hand is held in the west development consider the problem in a reverse thinking, on the other hand is their cultural chauvinism mentality at play. Western sources said Gudang ceaselessly, had a profound impact on Chinese cultural development.
Western culture is a timeless topic, either now or in the future will become a major issue of concern to many researchers. The cultural exchange and interaction of multi culture exists in the world, its position should be equal, cultural researchers should make the history objectively. Only in this way, in order to better to promote the healthy development of human civilization.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】