明初南京山水形势与城市建设互动关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 23:03

本文关键词：明初南京山水形势与城市建设互动关系研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 南京为中国历史上最重要的古都之一，曾十朝为都。城内及周边地区山环水绕，自然地理形势特殊，从建城之始，南京的发展就与当地的山水存在着密切联系，二者在相互依存中又得到了各自的发展和改变，一些时期所取得的进展更是为后世的发展奠定了基础。而延续至今的山水城共存的城市景观可追溯至明初。因此，对于明初南京山水与城市关系的研究，不仅是对一个历史问题的探讨，同样具有其现实意义。本文运用历史地理学的理论与方法，以山水形势与城市建设的互动关系为出发点，探寻其中的规律与特点，以期为包括南京在内的诸多山水城市的日后发展提供些许借鉴和依据。本文分为七个部分：第一部分：绪论。主要对本选题的缘由、意义、学术研究现状进行介绍，阐述了本文的研究思路和研究方法。第二部分：南京山水形势概观。首先，对南京整体的山水形势加以概述，论述了当地的主要山体走向和河湖分布状况。其次，将其中对城市影响较大的山水实体进行了单独介绍。第三部分：明代以前南京的山水形势与城市发展。论述了明以前南京在前都城时代、六朝为都时期及成为统一王朝都城之前的城市建设与发展情况及其与山水形势的关系。认为孙吴建业城和南唐江宁府城分别奠定了其后城市发展的基础，文中对这两个时期的城市建设与山水形势的相互关系进行了有重点的阐述。第四部分：明初南京城市的营建、布局及其设计依据。这一部分首先论述了南京在明初成为统一王朝都城时的营建情况；其次，介绍了明初南京城的城市布局和功能分区；另外，结合当地的山水形势从风水和现实两个角度分析了明初南京城的规划设计依据，综合阐释了南京城在当时形成其特殊形制的原因。第五部分：明初南京的水环境与城市建设之互动关系。首先，从水对城市影响的角度分析了因水体状况而形成的明初南京的特殊城市形制。阐述了当时因水体而形成的城市景观，包括桥梁、文教设施、制造业厂坊、市场、黄册库及文化娱乐等方面。其次，论述了城市建设对水环境的影响，包括水关、水闸及堤坝修建在内的水利设施的完备及对河流的开凿与疏浚，其作用是积极的。第六部分：明初南京的山与城市建设之互动关系。这一部分从山对城市的影响出发，论述了由于诸山对南京城垣的影响，从而形成了其特殊的走势。当时因山又形成了诸多景观，，如寺观、礼制建筑、文教设施及公共设施等。在城市对山的影响方面，认为由于当时进行的包括陵墓修建、园圃种植等在内的人类活动，在一定程度上改变了山体的原貌，但负面作用相对有限。第七部分：对全文进行总结。通过对南京山水形势与城市建设互动关系的总结，我们有以下几点认识： (1)明代以前，南京城市的选址与当地的山水形势联系紧密。起初被用作军事堡垒的越城、金陵邑及石头城分别建于军事地位重要的城南的雨花台和城西的清凉山上；后来的孙吴建业城向功能更为齐备的方向发展，城的面积增大，处于清凉山、钟山、玄武湖、秦淮河、青溪之间相对平坦的开阔地带；南唐江宁府将城市南移，跨秦淮河而建，四周有长江、玄武湖、清凉山、钟山、雨花台等山水实体的拱卫。由于南京当地特殊的山水地理形势，当时兴建的城市在其朝向、形态和中轴线等方面也受到显著影响。城市并未呈正南正北的朝向，城市形状也不是特别的规整。明以前，城市发展对山水形势的影响主要体现在对水环境的影响，其中又以三国孙吴和南唐时期为代表。这两个时期通过人为因素开凿和疏浚的水道改变了当地原有的水体面貌，影响至今的水环境的基本格局在此时被基本奠定。 (2)明初南京的山水形势对城墙的形制具有显著影响，山的存在更是导致了外郭城的出现。当时因水而产生了桥梁、文教设施、制造业厂坊、市场、黄册库、文化娱乐等景观；皇宫居于城市东部的特殊布局形式在很大程度上受到了山的影响，当时因山而出现了礼制建筑、寺观、文教设施、公共设施等城市景观。 (3)明初南京城市建设对水环境的影响主要体现在对河流的开凿与疏浚及包括水关、水闸、堤坝在内的水利设施修建。城市建设对山体的影响主要表现于陵墓的修建和园圃的设立。 (4)相较于山，水与城市的相互关系在明初表现得更为紧密，因水产生的城市景观更为多样，城市建设对水的影响亦更大。当时的城市建设对山水的积极影响占主导地位；而在对其的破坏及污染等方面，则表现得不突出。
[Abstract]:Nanjing is one of the most important Chinese of ancient history, ten dynasties once. The city and the surrounding area is surrounded by water and mountains, the natural geographical situation of special city from the beginning of the development of Nanjing and the local landscape are closely linked, the two in the interdependent and their development and change. The progress in some period is the foundation for the future development. And the continuation of city landscape has the coexistence of landscape can be traced back to the early Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the research for the Nanjing landscape and city relations, not only is to discuss a historical problem, also has its practical significance. This paper uses the theory and method of the historical geography, the interactive relationship between the landscape situation and city construction as the starting point, to explore the rules and characteristics of them, with a view to many landscape city including Nanjing, the day after the development to provide some reference and basis.
This article is divided into seven parts:
The first part is the introduction. It mainly introduces the origin, significance, the status of the academic research, and expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper.
The second part: Nanjing landscape situation overview. Firstly, the overall situation of Nanjing landscape overview, discusses the main mountain and river to the local distribution. Secondly, the influence of city landscape construction are particularly introduced.
The third part: before the Ming Dynasty Nanjing landscape situation and discusses the development of the city. Before Ming Dynasty, Nanjing in the former capital of the times, Six Dynasties period and become the city construction and development of the capital before the unified dynasty and its relationship with the landscape. The situation that Sun Wu Jianye city and Nan Tangjiang Ning Tainan respectively laid behind the foundation of city development, mutual the relationship between city construction and landscape situation of the two periods in this paper are described emphatically.
The fourth part: the Nanjing city construction, layout and design basis. This part first discusses the construction situation of Nanjing became the capital of the unified dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty; secondly, introduces the city layout and functional zoning in Nanjing city; in addition, combined with the local landscape planning and design on the basis of the analysis of the situation in Nanjing city from two a perspective of Feng Shui and reality, comprehensive explanation of the city of Nanjing formed its special shape at the time.
The fifth part: the relationship between water environment and city construction of Nanjing in the early Ming Dynasty interaction. First of all, from the perspective of city water analysis of the effect of formation due to the water situation and the Nanjing city. Then expounds the special shape because of the water and the formation of the city landscape, including bridges, cultural and educational facilities, market manufacturing factory workshop. Yellow book library and cultural entertainment etc.. Secondly, discusses the effect of city construction on water environment including water, sluice and dam building, water conservancy facilities and complete the dig and dredge of river, its effect is positive.
The sixth part: the interactive relations between mountains and city construction of Nanjing in the early Ming Dynasty. This part starts from the mountain influence on the city, discusses the influence of the mountains due to the wall of Nanjing, which formed its special trend. When the mountain was formed a lot of landscape, such as temples, ritual buildings, cultural and public facilities etc. in the influence of city on the hill, because it was like tomb building, garden planting, human activities, change the original mountain to a certain extent, but the negative effect is relatively limited.
The seventh part: a summary of the full text. Through the summary of the interactive relationship between the landscape of Nanjing and the construction of the city, we have the following points:
(1) before the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing city location and local landscape situation closely. At first was used as a military fortress city, cool mountain Jinling City and Stone City were built in the south of the important military position of Yuhuatai and the West; the later Wu Jianye city to function more complete in the direction of development, the city area increase in cool mountain, Zijin Mountain, Xuanwu Lake, the Qinhuai River, a relatively flat open area between Qing Xi; Jiangning city government will be the south, across the Qinhuai River and built around the Yangtze River, Xuanwu Lake, Zijin Mountain, Yuhuatai and other cool mountain landscape. Because Nanjing local entities protect special location, the construction of the city in its direction, shape and axis are significantly affected. The city was not due north towards the city, especially the shape is not regular. Before Ming Dynasty, the development of city landscape situation. Ring is mainly reflected in the impact on the water environment, in which three and Sun Wu as the representative of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The two periods by man-made factors and waterway dredging dug changed the original appearance of the local water, the basic pattern of influence is still water environment has been established at this time.
(2) the Nanjing landscape situation has a significant impact on the shape of the wall, the mountain is more leads to the outer city. At that time, because of water produced a bridge, educational facilities, market manufacturing factory workshop, yellow book library, culture and entertainment landscape; palace has a special layout in the East of the city by the effect of the mountain to a great extent, the time for the mountain the ritual buildings, temples, cultural and educational facilities, public facilities such as city landscape.
(3) the influence of Nanjing city construction on the water environment is mainly reflected in the dig and dredge of river and dam, including water and other water facilities. The establishment of the construction and construction of mountain city garden effect is mainly manifested in the tomb.
(4) compared to the mountain, and the relationship between water city in the early Ming Dynasty is more closely, because the water produced in the city landscape is more diverse, effects on construction of city water is also greater. When the positive effects on construction of city landscape is dominant; while in the damage and pollution etc. that performance was not outstanding.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248.1

【引证文献】