明清以来徽州区域的疾病与医疗卫生体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 03:00

本文关键词： 明清徽州疾病医疗卫生体系　出处：《上海师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 明清时期,徽州地区发生的疾病几乎覆盖了包括内科、外科、眼科、妇科、儿科与传染病等在内的各类疾病范畴,这说明徽州地区的自然环境并没有其独特的医疗环境特质。然而,与毗邻的江南地区相较而言,徽州地区瘟疫的规模、次数都要少得多。造成这种状况的主要原因是徽州社会拥有比较完善的医疗卫生体系。从时间的纵向来看,大致经历了地方政府医政、宗族医疗卫生体系、社会医疗体系三个阶段。唐宋至明初时期,在中央政府的鼓励与政策要求的双重作用下,地方政府积极建立并完善医政制度,健全医疗组织,大力开展医疗救助与保障活动,成为这一时期徽州医疗体系中无可替代的核心,发挥了十分关键的作用。明中叶开始,商业与宗族社会成为徽州社会的基本要素,表现在医疗卫生体系方面即以“族医”体制为核心、以宗族医疗救助与保障为特色的宗族医疗卫生体系。这一体系是明清数百年间徽州地区最重要也最具特色的医疗卫生体系,既是宗族生命延续与身体健康的坚强保障,也是徽商辉煌、宗族发达与文化昌盛的重要基石。太平天国的战乱严重破坏了徽州的社会系统,商人开始在地方社会发挥主导性的作用,组建了以新安屯溪公济局与徽宁医疗寄宿所为标志的社会医疗体系。在这两个组织中,医疗救助是其主要的职责,从这一点来看,可以将它们看作是现代医院的雏形。明清徽州医疗卫生体系的变迁既是社会结构调整的必然结果,也能从某个侧面来反映徽州社会变迁的过程与本质。这二者在互动中保证了徽州社会在经历了重大的危机之后依然能够实现整个社会的平稳运行。在徽州社会依次起主导作用的组织——地方政府、宗族与商会在其作为社会的主要力量时,都积极主动地建立合理的医疗卫生体系;在它们力量受到削弱后,则通过各种方式促使其他组织发挥作用来完成这个义务。正是在社会各阶层、各组织的共同努力和重视下,徽州才得以一直有足够的能力面对疾病这个社会痼疾。而这一点,正是徽州地区良好医疗卫生环境形成的根本原因。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, diseases in Huizhou covered almost all kinds of diseases, including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, gynaecology, paediatrics and infectious diseases. This shows that the natural environment of Huizhou does not have its unique characteristics of medical environment. However, compared with the adjacent south of the Yangtze River, the scale of the epidemic in Huizhou. The main reason for this situation is that Huizhou society has a relatively perfect medical and health system. From the vertical perspective of time, it has roughly experienced the local government medical and health system, clan medical and health care system. There are three stages in the social medical system. From the Tang and Song dynasties to the early Ming Dynasty, under the dual role of encouragement and policy requirements of the central government, local governments actively established and improved the medical administration system, improved medical organizations, and vigorously carried out medical assistance and security activities. Huizhou medical system became the irreplaceable core of this period, played a very important role. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, commerce and clan society became the basic elements of Huizhou society. In the aspect of medical and health system, the system of "ethnic medicine" is the core. This system is the most important and characteristic medical and health system in Huizhou during the hundreds of years of Ming and Qing dynasties. It is not only the strong guarantee of clan life and health, but also the brilliance of Huizhou merchants, the important cornerstone of clan development and cultural prosperity. The war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom seriously destroyed the social system of Huizhou. Businessmen began to play a leading role in the local society and set up a social medical system marked by Xin'an Tunxi Economic Bureau and Huining Medical boarding House. In these two organizations medical assistance was their main responsibility. From this point of view, they can be regarded as the embryonic form of modern hospitals. The change of medical and health system of Huizhou in Ming and Qing dynasties is the inevitable result of the adjustment of social structure. It can also reflect the process and essence of Huizhou social change from a certain aspect. These two ensure that the Huizhou society can still realize the smooth operation of the whole society after going through a great crisis. The second leading organization, the local government. The clans and chambers of commerce took the initiative to establish a reasonable medical and health system when they were the main force of the society. When their strength has been weakened, the role of other organizations in fulfilling this obligation has been facilitated by various means... it is with the joint efforts and attention of all sectors of society and organizations. Huizhou has been able to cope with the social chronic disease, which is the root cause of the formation of a good medical and health environment in Huizhou.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R-09;K248

【引证文献】